Research on Segmented Primary Consequent-Pole Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor with Symmetric and Periodic End Force

The end force of North-South permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (NS-PMLSM) fluctuates symmetrically with a period of one pole. Different from it, the end force’s fluctuation cycle of the consequent-pole permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (CP-PMLSM) is usually two poles and asymmetrical. Especially, within two half cycles, the end force presents complex asymmetric characteristics. In this paper, a piecewise function model of the end force of CP-PMLSM is established. Then a primary segmented design method for adjusting the period, symmetry and phase of the end force waveform is proposed. The two-segment and grouped four-segment modular distances are combined and matched to eliminate the odd-numbered harmonics of the end force and suppress the thrust ripple. A slotless primary core experimental platform and a slotted CP-PMLSM prototype are manufactured and tested to verify the theoretical analysis and simulation results.

Genetic Diversity and Primary Core Collection Construction of Turnip (Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapifera Matzg) Landraces in Tibet Revealed via Morphological and SSR Markers

Turnip, one of the oldest groups of cultivated Brassica rapa species, is a traditional crop as well as a form of animal fodder, a vegetable, and a herbal medicine that is widely cultivated in farming and farming-pastoral regions in Tibet. Different regions of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) are home to a rich diversity of turnip owing to their high altitudes and variable climate types. However, information on the morphology and genetic diversity of Tibetan turnip remains limited. Therefore, the genetic diversity of 171 turnip varieties from China and elsewhere (Japan, Korea, and Europe) was analyzed using 58 morphological characteristics and 31 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in this study. The varieties showed that the genetic distance ranged from 0.12 to 1.00, and the genetic similarity coefficient ranged between 0.73 and 0.95. Cluster tree showed two distinct clusters. Both morphotype and geography contributed to the group classification. A combination of morphological traits and molecular markers could refine the precision of accurate identification compared to the separate morphological and molecular data analyses. The sampling ratio of 15% to utmost precisely represent the initial population was compared to ratios of 10% and 20%, and the sampling ratio of 15% is recommended for future works when a primary core collection of turnip resources is constructed. These results could furnish a foundation for germplasm conservation and effective turnip breeding in future studies.

Globular pattern formation of hierarchical ceria nanoarchitecture

Dissipative structures often appear as an unstable counterpart of ordered structures owing to fluctuations that do not form a homogeneous phase. Even a multiphase mixture may simultaneously undergo one chemical reaction near equilibrium and another one that is far from equilibrium. Here, we observed in real time crystal seed formation and simultaneous nanocrystal aggregation proceeding from CeIV complexes to CeO2 nanoparticles in an acidic aqueous solution, and investigated the resultant hierarchical nanoarchitecture. The formed particles exhibited two very different size ranges. The hierarchically assembled structures in solutions were CeO2 colloids, viz. primary core clusters (1–3 nm) of crystalline ceria and secondary clusters (20–30 nm) assembled through surface ions. Such self-assembly is widespread in multi-component complex fluids, paradoxically moderating hierarchical reactions. Stability and instability are not only critical but also complementary for co-optimisation around the nearby free energy landscape prior to bifurcation.

Ethnobotanical Survey of Natural Galactagogues Prescribed in Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacies in Taiwan

Natural medicinal materials have been used to promote breast milk secretion. Here, we investigated the natural medicinal materials prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pharmacies across Taiwan to induce lactation. We collected medicinal materials from 87 TCM pharmacies, identified them in the prescriptions, and analyzed their drug contents. We examined their botanical origins, biological classifications, traditional usage, and modern pharmacological properties. We used the TCM Inheritance Support System to identify core medicinal materials in galactogenous prescriptions. We collected 81 medicinal materials from 90 galactogenous prescriptions. Leguminosae accounted for 12%, whereas Apiaceae accounted for 7% of all materials examined. The primary medicinal plant parts used were roots and seeds. Nineteen frequently used medicinal materials had a relative frequency of citation of greater than or equal to 0.2. According to their efficacy, 58% were warm, 54% were sweet, and 63% were tonifying; 74% of the frequently used medicinal materials have been showed efficacy against breast cancer. The primary core medicinal material was Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, whereas the secondary core medicinal materials were Tetrapanax papyrifer (Hook.) K. Koch and Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz. Most galactogenous prescriptions consisted of multiple materials from Leguminosae and Apiaceae. The mechanisms underlying galactogenous efficacy warrant further investigations.

Jet Noise Reduction in Co-Flowing Jets with Finite Lip Thickness

Passive control for suppressing mixing noise from Co-Flowing Jets (CFJ) is presented in this study. The idea behind this is to reduce the convective Mach number of turbulent eddies that produce intense sound radiation. The present study analyses co-flowing jets with a bypass ratio of 6.3 and the primary nozzle lip thickness of 10 mm. The aim of the study is to find the jet noise level in finite lip thickness in co-flowing jets. CFJ with finite lip thickness forms a recirculation zone (in the near field). The secondary core and recirculation zone are shielding the primary core by reducing the jet noise. A single free jet with a diameter equal to that of a primary nozzle of co-flowing jet is also studied for comparison. The results show that co-flow jet with finite lip thickness of 10mm for various emission angles and the Overall Sound Pressure Level (OASPL) level gets reduced when compared with the single free jet.

Emerging crosstalk between two signaling pathways coordinates K+ and Na+ homeostasis in the halophyte Hordeum brevisubulatum

K+/Na+ homeostasis is the primary core response for plant to tolerate salinity. Halophytes have evolved novel regulatory mechanisms to maintain a suitable K+/Na+ ratio during long-term adaptation. The wild halophyte Hordeum brevisubulatum can adopt efficient strategies to achieve synergistic levels of K+ and Na+ under high salt stress. However, little is known about its molecular mechanism. Our previous study indicated that HbCIPK2 contributed to prevention of Na+ accumulation and K+ reduction. Here, we further identified the HbCIPK2-interacting proteins including upstream Ca2+ sensors, HbCBL1, HbCBL4, and HbCBL10, and downstream phosphorylated targets, the voltage-gated K+ channel HbVGKC1 and SOS1-like transporter HbSOS1L. HbCBL1 combined with HbCIPK2 could activate HbVGKC1 to absorb K+, while the HbCBL4/10–HbCIPK2 complex modulated HbSOS1L to exclude Na+. This discovery suggested that crosstalk between the sodium response and the potassium uptake signaling pathways indeed exists for HbCIPK2 as the signal hub, and paved the way for understanding the novel mechanism of K+/Na+ homeostasis which has evolved in the halophytic grass.

PENGEMBANGAN MATERI AJAR ADAB BERMEDIA SOSIAL PADA KURIKULUM 2013

Cognitive human potential from through experiences, learning and the process of interaction and the almighty. Knowledge and experience forming personality can be according to life’s need. The purpose of education is not only cognitive capacity building, but also attitude and moral learning. Paradigm this paper will dicuss the development of social media adab material into the curriculum 2013. Adab is moral consideration, in acting on the basis of consideration of rules, rules and norms apply. Having an awareness that everything ini this world has been arranged by the Creator. So, in acting able to be fair to all even creatures that are though not liked. The social sphere in the curriculum 2013 based on Minister of Education and Culture Regulation number 21 of 2016 about Content Standards for Primary core competencies for learning from elementary school (SD) and junior high school (SMP) and high school and vocational (high school/vocational) which programs for strength social interaction behavior, such as; disciplined, confident, honest, responsif, pro-active, caring (mutual cooperation, cooperation, tolerance, peace) polite and responsible. Social media is a means of social intercourse online in cyberspace. The users of social media communication interact with send messages, share (networking). The author on this paper offers an arrangement of teaching materials for curriculum in 2013 for integrating social media through the MUI Fatwa number 24 of 2017 about laws and gudelines on social Media as the source of teaching material. Keywords : Adab, Social Media, Curriculum 2013

Biomarker evidence for nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial blooms in a brackish surface layer in the Nile River plume during sapropel deposition

Sapropels are organic-rich sediment layers deposited in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during precession minima, resulting from an increase in export productivity and/or preservation. Increased freshwater delivery from the African continent resulted in stratification, causing deepwater anoxia, while nutrient input stimulated productivity, presumably at the deep chlorophyll maximum. Previous studies have suggested that during sapropel deposition, nitrogen fixation was widespread in the highly stratified surface waters, and that cyanobacteria symbiotic with diatoms (diatom-diazotroph associations, DDAs) were responsible. Here we analyzed sapropel S5 sediments for heterocyst glycolipids (HGs) from three locations in the eastern Mediterranean. HG biomarkers can differentiate between those heterocystous cyanobacteria that are free living (found predominately in freshwater or brackish environments) and those that are from DDAs (found in marine settings). In our primary core, from a location which would have been influenced by the Nile River outflow, we detected a HG with a pentose (C5) head group specific for DDAs. However, HGs with a hexose (C6) head group, specific to free-living cyanobacteria, were present in substantially (up to 60×) higher concentration. These data suggest that at our study location, free-living cyanobacteria were the dominant diazotrophs, rather than DDAs. The C6 HGs increased substantially at the onset of sapropel S5 deposition, suggesting that substantial seasonal cyanobacterial blooms were associated with a brackish surface layer flowing from the Nile into the eastern Mediterranean. Two additional S5 sapropels were analyzed, one also from the Nile delta region and one from the region between Libya and southwestern Crete. Overall, comparison of the HG distribution in the three S5 sapropels provides evidence that all three locations were initially influenced by surface salinities that were sufficiently low to support free-living heterocystous cyanobacteria. While free-living heterocystous cyanobacteria continued to outnumber DDAs during sapropel deposition at the two Nile-influenced sites, DDAs, indicators of persistent marine salinities, were the dominant diazotrophs in the upper part of the sapropel at the more westerly site. These results indicate that N2 fixation by free-living cyanobacteria offers an important additional mechanism to stimulate productivity in regions with strong river discharge during sapropel deposition.

Using core and outcrop analogues to predict flow pathways in the subsurface: examples from the Triassic sandstones of north Cheshire, UK

Borehole core provides detailed vertical data which is used to interpret subsurface sand body architectures, but assumptions are made on the relationship between the lateral and vertical thickness, and the interconnectivity of units. The sedimentological complexity of the Sherwood Sandstone Group succession in this area, passing between aeolian and fluvial packages creates local- to regional-scale heterogeneities which will impact flow pathways within the rockmass. Measured thickness in boreholes might represent an architectural element's true maximum thickness or more likely, a partial thickness as a result of incision by overlying facies types or as a result of the borehole sitting towards the margins of individual elements (e.g. tapering margin of channel elements). Length and thickness data were measured from a suite of primary core data and secondary published outcrop studies in north-west England. The addition of outcrop studies in combination with the borehole data provides a dataset from which the likely lateral extent of the architectural frameworks within the Triassic sandstones can be extrapolated. The interpreted high resolution sub-seismic architecture contributes to an increased understanding of flow pathways and the effect these may have on groundwater as well as sustainable energy technologies such as low-temperature geothermal aquifers, carbon storage and energy storage.