Middle lobe syndrome: a clinical case

The term of middle lobe syndrome refers to abnormal processes that lead to the fact that due to external pressure and changes in the state of tissues, the airways are narrowed. Plain radiography in two projections is the basic method of radiological examination of patients with suspected "pneumonia" of the middle lobe. The disease develops in 6% of people with lung disorders. Middle lobe syndrome is an inconclusive clinical and radiological diagnosis. It requires clarification of the abnormal process

Middle Lobe Syndrome Associated with Bronchial Anthracofibrosis

Bronchial anthracofibrosis has been defined as airway narrowing associated with dark pigmentation on bronchoscopy without an appropriate history of pneumoconiosis or smoking. We present a case of a 67-year-old, non-smoking female patient who was referred to our clinic for two years of persistent cough. Spirometry was within normal limits. Radiological evaluation showed right middle lobe atelectasis and positron emission tomography-positive mediastinal lymph nodes. Bronchoscopy revealed black airway discoloration and distortions. In conclusion, we propose monthly radiological controls before an invasive procedure in such cases if a strong suspicion of malignancy/tuberculosis is not present.

Total Unilateral Lung Atelectasis in a Child with Asthma and Its Rapid Resolution with Medical Management without Any Invasive Intervention: A Case Report

Asthma is the most common chronic lung condition of childhood affecting approximately 6 million children in the United States. Right middle lobe syndrome or atelectasis is common in children with asthma though whole unilateral lung collapse is rare; only case series are reported. Bronchoscopy is usually required in addition to medical management of asthma and treatment of infection. We present a case of unilateral lung atelectasis in a young child which resolved with intense medical management without any endoscopy.