Discovery of the Potential Novel Pharmacodynamic Substances From Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po Decoction Based on the Concept of Co-Decoction Reaction and Analysis Strategy

Background: Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po Decoction (ZZHPD), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is clinically used to treat insomnia and depression. The analysis strategy based on the concept of co-decoction of TCM is helpful to analyse the effective substances of TCM formula in depth.Aim of the study: This manuscript intends to take ZZHPD as a model sample to explore the phenomenon of co-decoction of complex formula in the combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology, data analysis, and molecular docking.Materials and methods: In the current research, an innovative LC-MS method has been established to study the active ingredients in ZZHPD, and to identify the ingredients absorbed into the blood and brain tissues of mice. And molecular docking was used to study the binding pattern and affinities of known compounds of the brain tissue toward insomnia related proteins.Results: Based on new processing methods and analysis strategies, 106 chemical components were identified in ZZHPD, including 28 blood components and 18 brain components. Then, by comparing the different compounds in the co-decoction and single decoction, it was surprisingly found that 125 new ingredients were produced during the co-decoction, 2 of which were absorbed into the blood and 1 of which was absorbed into brain tissue. Ultimately, molecular docking studies showed that 18 brain components of ZZHPD had favourable binding conformation and affinity with GABA, serotonin and melatonin receptors. The docking results of GABRA1 with naringenin and hesperidin, HCRTR1 with naringenin-7-O-glucoside, poncirenin and genipin 1-gentiobioside, and luteolin with SLC6A4, GLO1, MAOB and MTNR1A may clarify the mechanism of action of ZZHPD in treating insomnia and depression.Conclusion: Our study may provide new ideas for further exploring the effective substances in ZZHPD.

Indonesian Defense Economy in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0

The defense economy as an economy that has an important role, of course, in its journey faces challenges, especially the low national Research and Development budget of <1% of GDP/Per Capita. Director-General of Research and Development (R&D) Kemenristekdikti Muhammad Dimyati previously said that Indonesia's research growth in the last four years had grown rapidly. Based on 2017 data from the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Indonesia's research budget is only 0.25 percent of total GDP, if converted into IDR 30.78 trillion. The second challenge is the entry of the digital era which must be responded wisely and anticipated as the 4.0 industrial revolution in the development of science. The purpose of this study is to describe more about how research & development and the industrial revolution 4.0 are in building a defense economy. In this study, the authors used data analysis techniques with a qualitative descriptive analysis strategy model. The results of the research show that the results of research and development funds are used to innovate to support increased productivity. As a result, the country's production performance has improved and boosted economic growth. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 makes work done by individuals or companies more effective and efficient. With this efficiency and effectiveness, the economy will increase and automatically the defense will also increase. So research & development and industrial revolution 4.0 in practice can build and strengthen the existing defense economy in a country.

Power to the Teachers: An Exploratory Review on Artificial Intelligence in Education

This exploratory review attempted to gather evidence from the literature by shedding light on the emerging phenomenon of conceptualising the impact of artificial intelligence in education. The review utilised the PRISMA framework to review the analysis and synthesis process encompassing the search, screening, coding, and data analysis strategy of 141 items included in the corpus. Key findings extracted from the review incorporate a taxonomy of artificial intelligence applications with associated teaching and learning practice and a framework for helping teachers to develop and self-reflect on the skills and capabilities envisioned for employing artificial intelligence in education. Implications for ethical use and a set of propositions for enacting teaching and learning using artificial intelligence are demarcated. The findings of this review contribute to developing a better understanding of how artificial intelligence may enhance teachers’ roles as catalysts in designing, visualising, and orchestrating AI-enabled teaching and learning, and this will, in turn, help to proliferate AI-systems that render computational representations based on meaningful data-driven inferences of the pedagogy, domain, and learner models.

Key Methods Used in Qualitative Document Analysis

Carrying out research requires that a researcher is aware of the many things that need to be put into consideration and one of them definitely is document analysis. This article attempts to discuss the document analysis strategies, their use, functions/importance, epistemological approaches, types of documents used for analysis in a qualitative research method, and document analysis evaluation considerations. The author finds it essential to also look into the importance and use of document analysis in research to show its relevance in the research study. The inclusion of document types helps in creating an awareness of what is required for analysis. The consideration of document analysis strategy and evaluation helps invalidate the appropriate strategy to use for a particular research method. While the importance and functions of document analysis help to appreciate the contributions of documents to research. The epistemological approaches to document analysis strategies play a very vital role in indicating and directing the appropriate strategy to use in a research study bearing in mind its theoretical demands.

Indonesian Defense Economy in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0

The defense economy as an economy that has an important role, of course, in its journey faces challenges, especially the low national Research and Development budget of &lt;1% of GDP/Per Capita. Director-General of Research and Development (R&amp;D) Kemenristekdikti Muhammad Dimyati previously said that Indonesia's research growth in the last four years had grown rapidly. Based on 2017 data from the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Indonesia's research budget is only 0.25 percent of total GDP, if converted into IDR 30.78 trillion. The second challenge is the entry of the digital era which must be responded wisely and anticipated as the 4.0 industrial revolution in the development of science. The purpose of this study is to describe more about how research &amp; development and the industrial revolution 4.0 are in building a defense economy. In this study, the authors used data analysis techniques with a qualitative descriptive analysis strategy model. The results of the research show that the results of research and development funds are used to innovate to support increased productivity. As a result, the country's production performance has improved and boosted economic growth. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 makes work done by individuals or companies more effective and efficient. With this efficiency and effectiveness, the economy will increase and automatically the defense will also increase. So research &amp; development and industrial revolution 4.0 in practice can build and strengthen the existing defense economy in a country.

BRAND MANAGEMENT IN STRATEGIC ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT

Branding is an integral part of an enterprise's marketing activities and can be analyzed in various aspects. Brand management – is the process of creating and managing a brand that is based primarily on the sale of goods. The main components in this process are brand ideas, market analysis, strategy development, organization of an advertising company. In addition, to date, branding policy is one of the elements of marketing, it determines the positions of other types of policy, because today the role of brand for the enterprise is a determining factor of competitiveness and survival of the enterprise in the market. When forming a brand, it is necessary to formulate problems related to needs, supply and demand, as they fully reflect the specifics of the functioning of the product market. The process of brand management is differentiated into blocks; methods for determining the brand value of an enterprise are proposed. The prerequisites for changing brand management are related to the processes and cycles that occur in the economy such as: globalization of business, development of scientific and technological progress, changes in the external environment and society, and even the expansion of market boundaries, so a comparison of the dynamics of brand- enterprise management; brand management concepts are compared. The strategic brand management process is important for creating and maintaining brand equity. Developing a strategy that successfully supports or enhances brand awareness, strengthens brand associations, emphasizes brand quality and use, is part of brand management. In today's world, in order to maintain a competitive position, every leader must first and foremost consider the value of his or her brand in developing its strategy and pay attention to branding and find key points for winning the position.

Breaking the Mould: A Theory Explaining How Young Adults Living with WS Learn Life Skills through Music

This article presents a theory explaining how young adults living with Williams syndrome (WS) learn life skills through music. The article answers the question: What theory explains how young adults living with WS learn life skills through music? The theory presented in this article is informed by principles of care ethics and compassionate music education and theories of wellbeing and flourishing. The theory is further informed by empirical data, including data collected during semi-structured interviews, casual conversations, observations, field notes, and social media and blog posts collected at Berkshire Hills Music Academy, Massachusetts, USA, over six weeks. Thematic analysis was the data analysis strategy. The theoretical proposition represented by the findings is: (i) If young adults living with WS have the opportunity to learn through engagement in music activities within a safe environment in which they are engaged, supported, appreciated, motivated, feel that they belong and feel that they are competent, and (ii) if educators are willing to focus on the abilities of these young adults by putting their needs first, (iii) then young adults living with WS should be able to overcome various challenges and ultimately develop the life skills they need to live well.

Case Study in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Stunting, Low Birth Weight, Maternal Mortality and Infant Mortality in Semarang, Central Java-Indonesia

Background and Objective: Stunting, low birth weight, maternal death, and child mortality have all become public health issues in recent years, particularly in Semarang, Indonesia. Simultaneously, the COVID-19 pandemic is spreading. Between the years 2019 and 2021. Methods: The Semarang City Health Service's secondary data analysis strategy was combined with a quantitative descriptive research methodology in this study. To evaluate numerical patterns in stunting, low birth weight, maternal death, and infant mortality in the data, simple regression were utilized. Results: According to the findings, the trend of stunting (modeling results y = 35,236 x + 361.77) and maternal mortality (modeling results 0.0218x+1.2921) increased between 2019 and 2021, whereas the trend of low birth weight (modeling results y = - 0.5425x+60.008) and child mortality (modeling results y = -0.0028x+ 2.202) decreased. The number of low birth weight has the lowest trend value, while the stunting rate has the greatest. Conclusion: Stunting rates increased, the low birth weight dropped, maternal mortality increased, and child mortality decreased in Semarang. The conditions of the Covid-19 epidemic have at least influenced this condition.

The Influence of the SWOT Analysis Strategy on the Achievement of the Fifth Preparatory Literary Class Students’ Evaluative Thinking at History

The present study aims to identify the influence of the SWOT analysis strategy on the achievement of the fifth preparatory literary class students’ evaluative thinking at history. The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control of the experimental and control groups and the post-test to achieve the objectives of the present study. The researcher randomly chose Section (B) to represent the experimental group that It is taught according to the SWOT analysis strategy, and Section (A) to represent the control group that is taught according to the traditional method. The number of the two research groups reached (62) students, of which (31) students were in the experimental group and (31) students were in the control group. The two groups were equalized in the variables, including the chronological age, the achievement of the fourth class at history, and the evaluative thinking. The two research tools; the achievement test and its validity and reliability were verified. The evaluative thinking test and its psychometric properties were verified. The researcher used the t-test) For two independent samples for data processing. The results show the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in terms of achievement and evaluative thinking.

“We-Diseases” and Dyadic Decision-Making Processes: A Critical Perspective

This is a critical perspective paper discussing the theoretical bases and methodological issues regarding dyadic decision-making processes in the oncological domain. Decision-making processes are of a central interest when one partner in a couple has cancer, and patients and partners make decisions together under an interactive and dynamic process. Given that, the attention in research is progressively shifting from patient and partner considered as individuals to a more holistic view of patient-partner considered as a dyad. The consideration of the dyadic nature of the decision-making represents a challenge from a theoretical and methodological point of view. The Interdependence Theory and the Dyadic Model of decision-making provide the theoretical bases to consider, respectively, the interdependence of the dyadic decision-making and the mechanisms affecting the couple-based decision-making. Dyadic processes require also an appropriate data analysis strategy that is discussed in the study as well. Conclusions of the present critical review suggest to develop a new line of research on dyadic decision-making in the oncological domain, testing the Dyadic Model presented in the study and considering the interdependence of the data with appropriate levels of analysis.