MOOD DISORDER QUESTIONNAIRE-INA: PENGUJIAN KONSTRUK BERDASARKAN VALIDITAS BUTIR DENGAN METODE FACTOR ANALYSIS

Mood Disorder Questionnaire-INA (MDQ-INA) is one of the most popular screening tool that has been used around the world and it has been adapted into Bahasa Indonesia. This screening tool can be very useful because it helped professional by identifying mania or hypomania symptoms on bipolar patient. The purpose of this study is to find the proof of construct validity in MDQ-Ina by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) approach. There are 13 items that has been tested and there are 209 subjects in this study. This study is using LISREL 9.30 student version to analyze CFA based on fitness of the model, item validity with P-value > .05; positive loading factor; and t-value > 1.96. The result of this study is MDQ-INA is having 13 valid items with positif loading factor. Conclusion of this study is MDQ-INA is screening tool that has a good construct validity and can be used in screening patient with bipolar and can also be use in further study or research about bipolar or screening tool. Mood Disorder Questionnaire-INA (MDQ-INA) merupakan salah satu alat ukur skrining gangguan bipolar yang paling sering digunakan di seluruh dunia dan telah di adaptasi ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Alat ukur skrining ini dinilai sangat berguna karena membantu memastikan kemunculan gejala mania maupun hipomania pada pasien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji konstruk MDQ-INA berdasarkan validitas butir menggunakan factor analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Jumlah butir tes sebanyak 13 butir, pengambilan data dilakukan kepada 209 subyek. Pengolahan data CFA menggunakan program LISREL 9.30 student, hasil pengujian berdasarkan model-fit dan validitas butir dengan P-Value > .05; factor loading positif; t-value > 1.96. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa MDQ-INA memiliki 13 butir valid dengan loading factor positif. Oleh karena itu, MDQ-INA merupakan alat ukur skrining bipolar dengan validitas konstruk yang baik. MDQ-INA dapat digunakan lebih lanjut untuk melakukan skrining pada pasien maupun untuk penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai alat ukur skrining ini.

Clinical Correlates of False Positive Assignment in Bipolar Screening Measures Across Psychiatric Diagnoses among Patients without Bipolar Disorder

Objective In this study, we aimed to determine clinical correlates of false positive assignment (FPA) on commonly used bipolar screening questionnaires.Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted to a total of 3885 psychiatric outpatients. After excluding patients who have bipolar spectrum illnesses, patients who were assigned as having hypomania on the mood disorder questionnaire (MDQ) or the hypomania checklist-32 (HCL-32) were identified as patients who had FPA. Psychiatric diagnoses and severity of emotional symptoms were compared between patients with and without FPA.Results Patients with FPA on the MDQ showed significant associations with presence of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and alcohol-use disorder, while patients with FPA on the HCL-32 showed associations with presence of panic disorder and agoraphobia. FPA on the MDQ was also associated with greater emotional symptoms and lifetime history of suicide attempts. Logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, younger age, presence of alcohol-use disorder, and severity of depression and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were significantly associated with FPA on the MDQ.Conclusion The FPA for the MDQ was associated with clinical factors linked to trait impulsivity, and the FPA for both the MDQ and the HCL-32 could be related to increased anxiety.

Suicidal behavior is four times more frequent in university students with bipolar disorder assessed by an online version of Mood Disorder Questionnaire

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) in young people is frequently associated with suicidal behavior. The main objective of this research is to evaluate if university students who have BD show more suicidal behavior than those who do not have BD. Materials and Methods: 583 university students from Fortaleza, Brazil, participated in this study. Volunteers over 18 years of age who were attending public or private universities from March to December 2019 were able to participate. A sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) were filled out. According to MDQ, participants were classified into three groups: 1) individuals without BD (n=318); 2) individuals with subthreshold BD symptoms (n=160); 3) individuals with BD (n=105). Results: Compared to those who do not have BD, individuals with BD had four times less plans for the future (x2=16.00; p=0.000), considered four times life less worth living (x2=13.44; p=0.001), assumed two times more frequently death as welcome if it comes (x2=19.10; p=0.000), thought two times more about getting hurt (x2=75.32; p=0.000), had seven times more specific plans to die (x2=39.93; p=0.000) and had four times more suicide attempts (x2=33.50; p=0.000). Conclusions: Suicidal behavior was four times more prominent in university students with BD than in those who did not have BD.

The Temporal Stability and Construct Validity of Measures Assessing Mania Symptoms and Risk: A Comparative Analysis

Fluctuations in mood and activity levels are defining features of bipolar disorder, but the temporal stability of measures used to assess symptoms and traits relevant to bipolar disorder is unclear. This study examined the short-term stability of several widely used, contemporary bipolar disorder measures (e.g., Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale, General Behavior Inventory, Hypomanic Personality Scale, Mood Disorder Questionnaire) over a period of roughly 2 weeks (M Retest Interval = 15.17 days) in an undergraduate sample. The stability correlations varied widely, ranging from .49 to .83. As would be expected, measures that were designed to assess traits related to bipolar disorder tended to show stronger stability than scales purporting to assess more transient symptoms of bipolar disorder. Other analyses revealed that—consistent with previous research—some bipolar disorder scales demonstrated moderate to strong positive relations with neuroticism/negative affect and other psychopathology, whereas others related weakly to such measures but showed more robust positive relations with extraversion/positive affect. Taken together, our findings suggest that it is important to consider administration instructions (e.g., trait vs. symptom ratings), subscale properties, and item format when selecting study measures in bipolar disorder research.

Bidirectional comorbidity between bipolarand obsessive-compulsive disorders: symptoms frequency, treatment challenges and underexplored areas

The high comorbidity of bipolar- (BD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a challenge in the psychiatric field. This topic has been scarcely investigated in Latin America, and we could not find published studies conducted in Venezuela. Given the common difficulty to establish a categorical diagnosis in comorbid conditions, we assessed the frequency of current OC symptoms (OCS) in subjects with primary BD, and of BD symptoms (BDS) insubjects with primary OCD. We administered the Yale-Brown Obsessive-CompulsiveScale (Y-BOCS) to 40 patients with BD, and the Young Mania RatingScale (YMRS) and the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) to 42 patients withOCD. We observed clinically significant OCS (Y-BOCS score ≥ 16) in 20% of BDsubjects, and current hypomania or mania in 16.7% and 19% of OCD patientsrespectively. A significant positive correlation between age and YMRS was detectedin OCD females, p = 0.04. We here confirmed the high comorbidity inthe bipolar and obsessive-compulsive dimensions. Numerous studies identifythe clinical burden, diagnostic difficulties and treatment intricacy of this comorbidity,which warrants for further research to assist this sensible population.We illustrate the challenges of pharmacological and psychological treatment,and the issue of family history of psychopathology, with two conspicuousclinical vignettes extracted from the studied sample.

Perfil genético del trastorno bipolar en Panamá: análisis de genes relacionados y otros factores determinantes en una región de alta prevalencia de episodios maníacos en la República de Panamá [Genetic profile of bipolar disorder in Panama: related gene analysis and other determining factors in a high prevalence region of manic episodes in the Republic of Panama]

<p><strong>[Genetic profile of bipolar disorder in Panama: related gene analysis and other determining factors in a high prevalence region of manic episodes in the Republic of Panama]<br /></strong></p>Resumen <br />Introducción El Trastorno Bipolar es una enfermedad que causa discapacidad física y cognitiva, afectando tanto a hombres como mujeres, con edad de inicio temprano y con un alto componente hereditario. Objetivo Estimar el comportamiento del Trastorno Bipolar, variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes y su relación con los genes CACNA1-C (12p13.3) y DAOA (13q34) entre personas de 18 años y más en áreas específicas de la Región de Azuero de Panamá. Metodología La muestra calculada fue de 267 personas de 18 años y más (IC 95%) utilizando un muestreo aleatorio, de distribución proporcional según sexo. Se utilizaron las variables: “trastorno bipolar” medido a través del cuestionario de trastornos del estado de ánimo (Mood Disorder Questionnaire, MDQ por sus siglas en inglés); “genes asociados a la bipolaridad” (genes CACNA1-C (12p13.3) y DAOA (13q34)); y un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y antecedentes personales - familiares. El análisis genético se realizó con PCR (tiempo real). Se utilizaron porcentajes como medida de frecuencia relativa y se consideró significancia estadística para un valor de p ≤ 0.05. Resultados La prevalencia de bipolaridad en la muestra estudiada fue 3.7% (IC 95% 3.5 - 4.1), siendo mayor en mujeres, 6.0% (IC 95% 5.9 - 6.3). El 74.2% (IC 95% 73.9 - 74.4) de los participantes tenía presente el polimorfismo del gen CACNA1-C (12p13.3), y 19.1% (IC 95% 18.9 - 19.4) el del gen DAOA (13q34). Para todas las variables de estudio, la presencia del gen CACNA1-C (12p13.3) fue mayor que la del gen DAOA (13q34). De los 10 casos con MDQ+, 3 presentaron el gen CACNA1-C. Conclusión Esta es la primera investigación sobre bipolaridad, genes y otros factores asociados en Panamá. El gen CACNA1-C fue más prevalente que el DAOA y se asoció más al MDQ +. <br /><br />Abstract<br />Introduction Bipolar disorder is a disease that causes physical and cognitive disability, affecting both men and women, with an early onset age and a high hereditary component. Objective To estimate Bipolar Disorder demeanor, sociodemographic variables, antecedents and its relationship with CACNA1-C (12p13.3) and DAOA (13q34) genes among people aged 18 years and over in specific areas of the Azuero Region of Panama. Methodology The calculated sample was 267 people aged 18 and over (95% CI) using random sampling, proportional distribution according to sex. The variables were used: "bipolar disorder" measured through the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ); "genes associated with bipolarity" (CACNA1-C (12p13.3) and DAOA (13q34) genes); and a sociodemographic data questionnaire and personal - family background. The genetic analysis was performed with PCR (real time). Percentages were used as a measure of relative frequency and statistical significance was considered for a value of p ≤ 0.05. Results The prevalence of bipolarity in the studied sample was 3.7% (CI 95% 3.5 - 4.1), being higher in women, 6.0% (CI 95% 5.9 - 6.3). 74.2% (CI 95% 73.9 - 74.4) of the participants were aware of the polymorphism of the CACNA1-C gene (12p13.3), and 19.1% (CI 95% 18.9 - 19.4) of the DAOA gene (13q34). For all study variables, the presence of the CACNA1-C gene (12p13.3) was greater than that of the DAOA gene (13q34). Of the 10 cases with MDQ +, 3 presented the CACNA1-C gene. Conclusion This is the first research on bipolarity, genes and other associated factors in Panama. The CACNA1-C gene was more prevalent than DAOA and was more associated with MDQ +.<br /><br /><br />

Relationship Between Circadian Preference and Lifetime Experiences of Hypomanic Symptoms

BACKGROUND: Circadian rhythms have been known to be associated with bipolar disorders. There are many cases in which hypomanic symptoms are not recognized as an illness. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the experience of lifetime hypomanic symptom and circadian type of university students.METHODS: A total of 8,562 university students participated in the study. The participants completed the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) for circadian typology and Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). Chi-square test and analysis of variance were performed, and the post-hoc result was computed using the FDR adjusted p-values.RESULTS: Overall, the MDQ score was high in the evening-type group. There was no significant difference between the intermediate-type group and morning-type group for male students. In the evening-type group, the response rate was significantly higher in 10 out of 13 items in MDQ.CONCLUSIONS: The evening-type group was more likely to experience hypomanic symptoms. This study shows that circadian and seasonal characteristics related to circadian types are associated with lifetime hypomanic symptoms. Hence, further investigation is needed to determine the eveningness, as it could be a trait marker of bipolar spectrum disorder.

The Factor Structure of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire in Tunisian Patients

Background: The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) is a frequently used screening tool for the early detection of Bipolar Disorder (BD), which is often unrecognized or misdiagnosed at its onset. In this study, data from Tunisia has been used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic MDQ. Methods: The sample included 151 patients with a current major depressive episode. The Arabic adapted version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR was used to formulate a diagnosis, yielding 62 patients with BD and 89 with unipolar Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Principal component analysis with parallel analysis was used to establish the spontaneous distribution of the 13 core items of the MDQ. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to check the available factor models. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the capacity of the MDQ to distinguish patients with BD from those with MDD. Results: Cronbach’s α in the sample was 0.80 (95%CI: 0.75 to 0.85). Ordinal α was 0.88. Parallel analysis suggested two main components, which explained 59% of variance in the data. CFA found a good fit for the existing unidimensional, the two-factor, and the three-factor models. ROC analysis showed that at a threshold of 7, the MDQ was able to distinguish patients with BD from those with MDD with extraordinary negative predictive value (0.92) and a positive diagnostic likelihood ratio of 3.8. Conclusion: The Arabic version of the MDQ showed good measurement properties in terms of reliability, factorial validity and discriminative properties.

MOOD DISORDER QUESTIONNAIRE-INA: STUDI ADAPTASI ALAT UKUR SKRINING BIPOLAR

There are around 46 million people who had bipolar disorder in the world. The number of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder are also increaseasing. Misdiagnosis due to depression episode in bipolar disorder is also a common problem. This misdiagnosis could have a negative effect to the bipolar patient. One of the common way in detecting mania/hypomania in bipolar is using a screening tool. Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) is the most widely known and used for bipolar screening. However, bipolar screening tool is not commonly used because there was no available screening tool that has been develop or adapt correctly to be used in Indonesia. That is why the purpose of this study is to adapt the Mood Disorder Questionnaire in Indonesia. After MDQ is going through adaptation process, it is been try out to 20 participants with bipolar diagnosis and 20 participants without diagnosis. Try out data than been processed with SPSS 20.0. The result of reliability analysis shows a good result (13 items; α = .82). MDQ-INA also show a good sensitivity = .95 and a good specificity = .90. Based on the results, MDQ-INA is good enough to be used as bipolar screening tool and can also be used in future research about bipolar or validation study. Terdapat sekitar 46 juta orang di seluruh dunia memiliki gangguan bipolar. Di Indonesia sendiri peningkatan jumlah individu dengan diagnosis bipolar cukup banyak. Episode depresi yang mendominasi pada penderita bipolar seringkali menyebabkan kesalahan diagnosis yang diberikan dan hal ini berdampak buruk bagi individu tersebut. Oleh karena itu, salah satu cara untuk membantu mendeteksi symptom mania atau hypomania pada individu dengan bipolar adalah dengan menggunakan alat ukur skrining. Mood Disorder Questionnaire merupakan alat ukur skrining bipolar yang paling sering digunakan di seluruh dunia. Namun, di Indonesia belum ada alat ukur skrining yang dikembangkan maupun di adaptasi dengan baik sehingga penggunaan alat ukur skrining masih belum diberikan kepada pasien dengan kecenderungan bipolar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengadaptasi MDQ ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dan mendapatkan gambaran sensitivity dan specificity dari alat ukur skrining bipolar MDQ yang telah di adaptasi. Uji coba alat ukur diberikan pada 20 partisipan dengan diagnosis bipolar dan 20 partisipan tanpa diagnosis bipolar. Data yang diterima kemudian diolah menggunakan SPSS 20.0. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan skor reliabilitas yang baik (13 item; α = .82). MDQ-INA juga menunjukan skor yang baik pada sensitivity = .95 dan specificity = .90. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan MDQ-INA merupakan alat ukur yang layak untuk digunakan untuk skrining bipolar maupun digunakan pada penelitian mengenai bipolar maupun penelitian mengenai validasi alat ukur.