Effect of ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic field on the properties of associated liquids

The influence of the electromagnetic field on the refractive index, evaporation rate and surface tension of wa-ter, propanol-1 and pentanol-1 solutions have been studied. It was shown that the properties of these liquids depend on the field frequency and the time of exposure. The action of the field on the structure of water and alcohols is selective; changes in their properties are due to frequencies that are individual for each liquid. Both deceleration and acceleration of the alcohols evaporation occurs depending on the frequency of the elec-tromagnetic field. Evaporation of the field exposed water is slowing down at all the studied frequency range. There is an increase in the surface tension for water and pentanol, and a decrease for propanol. The properties of alcohols return to their initial values, and the properties of the water remain unchanged after the termina-tion of the field action. Thermodynamic functions of surface water and propanol-1 have been calculated on the basis of the temperature dependence of the surface tension. It has been demonstrated that the total internal energy of the surface increases for water and reduces or propanol-1. This indicates the strengthening of the structure in an aqueous solutions and a weakening of intermolecular interaction in the propanol-1 medium.

A Comment on Zeeman Effects in Rotation Spectra

Recently SUTTER et al. 1 obtained a Hamiltonian for a molecule in the presence of a constant external elec-tromagnetic field. (A similar Hamiltonian has been de-veloped 2 , but including molecular vibrations, relativis-tic corrections and allowance for the fact that the mo-lecular centre of gravity differs from the nuclear centre of gravity.) We believe that the Hamiltonian of Sutter et al. is not correct, since they make two errors of principle in performing their gauge transformation. They start with a Lagrangian expressed in terms of the particle positions, rn\ in a space-fixed coordinate system. Each particle is associated with an external vector potential,-^«' = rn', where H is the constant external magnetic field. At this stage a gauge transfor-mation may be performed: An'-+An'-VnX, (1)