Diskriminasi pada Pemain Game Online Perempuan

Advances in technology have also developed entertainment facilities that are served to the community. One of the available entertainment facilities is mobile games or mobile games. Mobile games have considerable appeal for people of all ages and genders. This study analyzes the discrimination of female “Mobile Legends: Bang Bang” game players in the interaction of online game players Mobile Legend: Bang Bang. Research on gender discrimination focuses more on issues of work and gender roles in the cultural structure of society but still rarely researches leisure activities. For this reason, the study aims to determine the discrimination experienced by female players in Mobile Legends: Bang Bang and the forms of verbal discrimination spoken by the players during the game. This research was conducted using the phenomenological method to explore the experiences of the female players. The adventures of female players are used to understand the phenomena that lead to discrimination. The results of this study show that female players have experienced discrimination from male players. Discriminatory words and sentences indirectly degrade the degree and dignity of female players because they accuse female players of being prostitutes, being equated with animals, and mentioning that the Mobile Legend game is not a place for women. This research shows that gender discrimination occurs in the employment sector and in the entertainment sector, one of which is online games.Keywords: discrimination; interactive games; mobile games; Mobile Legends; woman players. Abstrak Kemajuan teknologi turut mengembangkan sarana hiburan yang disuguhkan untuk masyarakat. Salah satu sarana hiburan yang tersedia adalah permainan seluler atau mobile games. Mobile games memiliki daya tarik yang cukup besar bagi masyarakat dari berbagai kalangan usia maupun gender. Penelitian ini menganalisis diskriminasi pada pemain game “Mobile Legends: Bang Bang” perempuan pada interaksi pemain game online Mobile Legend:Bang Bang. Penelitian tentang diskriminasi gender lebih banyak berpusat pada persoalan pekerjaan dan peran gender dalam struktur budaya masyarakat, tetapi masih jarang meneliti pada kegiatan hiburan (leisure). Untuk itu, penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui diskriminasi yang dialami oleh pemain perempuan Mobile Legends: Bang Bang dan bentuk-bentuk diskriminasi verbal yang diucapkan oleh para pemain selama permainan berlangsung. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode fenomenologi untuk menggali pengalaman dari para pemain perempuan. Pengalaman dari pemain perempuan digunakan untuk memahami fenomena yang mengarah pada diskriminasi. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa pemain perempuan pernah mengalami diskriminasi dari pemain laki-laki. Kata-kata dan kalimat diskriminatif dikemukakan dengam menyebut pemain perempuan sebagai pelacur, disamakan dengan binatang, dan menyebutkan bahwa permainan Mobile Legend bukan tempat bagi perempuan. Melalui penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa diskriminasi gender terjadi tidak hanya pada sektor pekerjaan, tetapi juga pada sektor hiburan, salah satunya pada permainan daring. Kata Kunci: diskriminasi; Mobile Legends; permainan interaktif; pemain perempuan.

Discrediting Strategy as a Dominant of the Discursive Personality of an American Political Radio Commentator

Introduction. The paper reviews the specifics of the implementation of the discrediting strategy as the dominant of the discursive personality of an American political radio commentator. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the interest of modern linguistics in the description of generalized typical discursive personalities. The scientific novelty of the research is due to the fact that the discursive personality of the political radio commentator has not yet become the object of a special study. The study of a discursive personality is reduced to description of the types of communicative tonality to which a person resorts in the process of communication, as well as identification of the main communicative-pragmatic strategies used by them in order to achieve the goals of communication. The discursive personality of a political commentator-radio host is realized in the generated media texts, which are characterized by a specific communicative tonality due to a distant format and a technically mediated form of communication; social evaluation; ideological focus and polydiscourse.Methodology and sources. The study is drawn on the corpus compiled of scripts of 13 complete radio broadcasts of famous American political commentators (Glenn Beck, Michael Alan Weiner and Mark Levin) with a total volume of 115 792 words. The radio broadcasts were devoted to the election campaign (October – November 2016) and postelection polemics (January – March 2017). Based on the quantitative methods and contextual analysis, conclusions were made about the leading discrediting tactics of the genre under study and the main linguistic means of their actualization.Results and discussion. The strategy of discrediting is shown to be supported by a system of communicative tactics, the main of which are: the tactics of compromising the opponent, the tactics of verbal discrimination and the tactics of verbal insinuation. Each of the tactics, in turn, is implemented by a set of its typical communicative passages. Verbal insinuation and verbal discrimination in the studied genre have been established as the ways of linguistic implementation of such discrediting tactics of emotional impact. The role of evaluative vocabulary, slang, low colloquialisms, invectives, stylistic figurative means, occasionalisms and references to precedent phenomena as means of implementing discrediting tactics are considered. It has been proven that speech tactics of discrediting are never implemented in the studied type of discourse in their pure form since tactical schemes interact and overlap each other.Conclusion. The discrediting tactics in the genre under study are found to be a way of implementing speech aggression. Speech aggression as a feature of the discursive personality of an American political radio host is so affective and hostile that it can be argued that the ethics of speech behavior is not among the communicative values of this linguistic and cultural type. The rejection of ethical communication behavior is largely motivated by the need to participate in a tough competition in the context of the growing intensity of the information flow in modern media communication.

Perceived Discrimination in LGBTIQ Discourse: A Typology of Verbal Discrimination

New within the field of Discourse Analysis, Perceived Discrimination (PD) is the study of discourse that focuses on the perspective of the victims of discrimination. This article explores the experiences of verbal discrimination as reported by eighteen LGBTIQ participants during semi-structured, co-constructed interviews. Data were classified in order to develop a taxonomy of discrimination based on Mellor’s (2003, 2004). This taxonomy foregrounds two types of discrimination: verbal and behavioural. In this paper, I exemplify the forms of verbal discrimination encountered and offer an analysis of the discourse used in the construction of the experiences and of the effects reported. The results show that verbal discrimination is an overt phenomenon and that participants are stressed by the ever present possibility of facing it. Verbal discrimination is mainly triggered by a perceived transgression to the normalised standards of people’s behaviour, movements and look in a heterosexist society. It presents three subtypes: name calling, abuse and remarks. These subtypes are described through the analysis of keywords, effects and expressions (such as faggot, gay, dyke, queer, the pronoun ‘it’, religious comments and other remarks). The type of discrimination used was associated with the level of acquaintance perpetrators have with the experiencers; that is, name calling was used by people unknown to the victims while abuse and remarks by acquaintances and family members. Participants resorted to several discursive strategies to convey their intentions. They used mitigation strategies when wanting to minimize the experience, hedging and repetition were used for emphasis, and to convey urgency and pervasiveness. Metaphorical expressions related to internal or external injuries were also used to express the powerful effect of verbal discrimination on people.

That Joke Isn’t Funny Anymore: Racial Microaggressions, Color-Blind Ideology and the Mitigation of Racism in English Men’s First-Class Cricket

This article investigates the presence and effects of racial microaggressions in English first-class cricket. Drawing on interview data with British Asian players, it not only highlights players’ experiences of racism, but also identifies their tendency to downplay the repercussions of some of the forms that this prejudice takes. The analysis demonstrates that color-blind ideology is so entrenched in contemporary Western sport that its reproduction is not exclusively the preserve of white groups; it can also at times compel minority ethnic participants to endorse dominant claims that the effects of racism are overstated as well. As a consequence they are often pressured into denying or downplaying those forms of verbal discrimination which are articulated between team-mates and in a seemingly playful manner, dismissing incidents as merely “banter” or “jokes”.

Anticipating the Correct Matching Response in a Second-Order Matching-to-Sample Task

A study was designed to evaluate the effects of anticipating the matching response on acquisition and transfer of a second-order matching-to-sample task. 40 college students of both sexes were assigned to different anticipation procedures that involved several verbal descriptions of the correct response, as well as others not involving explicit descriptions. All subjects were exposed to a pretest, two training blocks, two transfer test blocks, and a posttest. Anticipation procedures were evaluated during the first training block using an observational training procedure, except for 8 subjects, who were exposed to two training control procedures. Analysis showed acquisition and transfer of successful matching seems to depend on a verbal discrimination of the matching criterion exemplified by second-order stimuli. This discrimination was facilitated by prior conditions, as when subjects showed correct matching performance at pretest or was established with anticipation procedures that required explicit reading of verbal descriptions of the response choice.

Feedback and Anxiety in Verbal Discrimination Learning

120 volunteers learned a 12-pair list of 4-letter words of low frequency. The independent variable was feedback (positive only, negative only, or positive and negative), and trait anxiety (high or low) and sex (male or female) were used as subject-variables. For errors per trial, the interaction of feedback, anxiety, and trials was significant. Individuals low in anxiety performed poorly when exposed to negative feedback while feedback contingencies were not related to performance differences for the highly anxious individuals. The results are discussed in terms of task-related state anxiety.