Photosynthetic parameters of durum winter wheat plantings depending on the variety

Under different weather conditions, not all plant varieties successfully adapt to agro-ecosystems. Given that, wheat is the most important food crop It is important to study the possibility of its adaptation to climatic conditions. The choice of plant variety is the first, most important and most difficult stage for wheat producers. Aim. To study the parameters of photosynthetic activity of durum winter wheat plantings depending on the variety. Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physical. Results. The article presents the formation of photosynthetic parameters (length, leaf width, number of leaves on one stem, area of one leaf, area of one stem, leaf surface area, apical leaf parameters) of durum winter wheat plantings depending on the variety. The length and width of durum winter wheat leaves varied significantly depending on the variety and stage of plant growth. On the average for three years of researches the number of leaves on one stem in the tillering stage was 4.1–4.5 pieces depending on the variety. In the booting stage, this indicator was the lowest – 3.1–3.3 pieces, and in the earing stage of all varieties was at the level of 4.0 pieces. The number of leaves on the stem almost did not change during the milk stage of grain – 3.9–4.0 pieces. The parameters of the apical leaf also varied significantly with weather conditions. The area of apical leaves in 2013 in the standard and studied varieties was 5.9 and 5.5–7.3 thousand m2/ha, respectively. In the following 2014, the leaf area indicator was higher than in 2013 by 51–60%. The increase in leaf area in durum winter wheat in 2014 is due to the formation of a higher number of stems compared to 2013. Conclusions. Photosynthetic parameters of durum winter wheat plantings have features. The number of leaves on one stem changed the least depending on the year of study, as the variation coefficient was insignificant (V = 1.7–3.6 %). The length and width of durum wheat leaf varied in a wide range - V = 3.7–53.0 %. In the more favourable 2014, the leaf surface area was 40.1–71.0 thousand m2/ha in the earing stage, and in the less favourable – 15.9–29.0 thousand m2/ha in the earing and milk stages of grain depending on the variety. The area of apical leaves varies from 5.7–7.3 to 8.8–14.2 thousand m2/ha depending on the weather conditions of the season

How photoautotrophy, photomixotrophy, and ventilation affect the stomata and fluorescence emission of pistachios rootstock?

The effects of ventilation and sucrose concentration on proliferation and organogenesis of pistachio cutting and photosynthetic performance of two in vitro cultures of pistachio rootstocks have been assessed. The apical leaf buds (Qazvini and UCB1 cultivars) were cultured in filter vessels containing Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0, 10, 15, and 30 g L −1 of sucrose. The plants treated with 10, 15, and 30 g L −1 sucrose showed no significant differences regarding the measured traits; therefore, this treatment was set aside from the final statistical analyses. Use of different ventilation systems showed to be suitable for increasing the growth of pistachio. Referring to root production difficulties under in vitro cultivation of pistachio, ventilation increased the root production and length. However, the full ventilation system was more effective in improving the growth properties. Regression between fluorescence feature vs root length showed that F v/F m had a significant positive relationship with root length. Stomata of cell parameters under ventilation systems improved compared to no ventilation, which was highly similar to the trend in the greenhouse. The overall results indicated that low concentrations of sucrose (e.g., 10 g L −1) and full ventilation are recommended for producing high quality and vigorous pistachio plantlets under in vitro conditions.

Karakterisasi Morfologi, Anatomi, dan Fisiologi Tujuh Klon Unggul Kopi Robusta

<em>Morphological characterization of superior Robusta coffee plants has been widely studied, but for the anatomical and physiological character is still relatively limited. Result of this characterization is important as a basic information in order to create the new superior varieties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of seven clones of Robusta coffee (SA 203, BP 534, BP 42, BP 409, BP 939, BP 308 and BP 436). The experiment was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station and Integrated Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi, West Java, from October to November 2019. The Completely Randomized Design with 7 Robusta coffee clones as treatments and three replications was used in this study. The variable observed were morphological (leaf area), anatomical (stomata shape and density) and physiological characters (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll). The results showed that the leaf area of the first and third leaves of seven clones of Robusta coffee were relatively uniform. The stomata shape of Robusta coffee leaf is parasitic type (Rubiaceous) type. The SA 203 and BP 409 clones have the fewest stomata contents. The content of chlorophyll a, b, and total in the first and third leaves varies between clones. Chlorophyll content in the basal, middle, and apical leaf were relatively uniform, except clones SA 203 and BP 939 for the first leaf, and SA 203 and BP 436 for third leaf. The correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between leaf area and chlorophyll content.</em>

Orthomnion elimbatum (Mniaceae, Bryophyta), a Malesian and Australian species new to China and Vietnam based on molecular data

Orthomnion elimbatum (Mniaceae) is herein reported new to China and Vietnam, representing the first record of the species northwards outside the Malesian and Australian regions. The species differs from the closely related species O. dilatatum by having undulate leaf margin, almost isodiametric laminal cells, and unbordered apical leaf margins. Confirmation of the species identity is validated by a molecular analysis based on rps4 and trnL-F sequences.

Morpho-agronomic parameters, chemical composition and genetic divergence among Manihot sp. access

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the morpho-agronomic parameters, chemical composition and genetic divergence among Manihot sp. access collected in the Curimataú and Cariri micro regions of the State of Paraíba - Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 10 access and 8 replicates. Morpho-agronomic characterization was evaluated through 16 agronomic traits and 12 morphological traits. For the chemical evaluation, 11 traits were discriminated. According to the results, access 2 (Monteiro-PB) was considered a tall plant, with larger canopy area with smaller leaves. The access are cylindrical plants with dark green apical leaf and obovate-lanceolate central lobe, straight or zig zag growth, green vein and with the presence of five lobes and terminal branches in the green plants. The branching levels range from 1 to 4, upward or horizontal petiole and reddish green petiole color. The stipules are short and the sinuosity of leaf lobe is smooth. From the chemical variables evaluated in the access of Manihot, the ones that contributed the most to distinguish genotypes were the content of neutral detergent fiber, non-fiber carbohydrates and total carbohydrates. The morpho-agronomic traits together with the chemical composition data serve as a parameter to indicate the possible access to be used in the forage processing, with better nutritional value.

Characterization of Gene Isoforms Related to Cellulose and Lignin Biosynthesis in Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Mutant

Kenaf is a source of fiber and a bioenergy crop that is considered to be a third world crop. Recently, a new kenaf cultivar, "Jangdae," was developed by gamma irradiation. It exhibited distinguishable characteristics such as higher biomass, higher seed yield, and earlier flowering than the wild type. We sequenced and analyzed the transcriptome of apical leaf and stem using Pacific Biosciences single-molecule long-read isoform sequencing platform. De novo assembly yielded 26,822 full-length transcripts with a total length of 59 Mbp. Sequence similarity against protein sequence allowed the functional annotation of 11,370 unigenes. Among them, 10,100 unigenes were assigned gene ontology terms, the majority of which were associated with the metabolic and cellular process. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis mapped 8875 of the annotated unigenes to 149 metabolic pathways. We also identified the majority of putative genes involved in cellulose and lignin-biosynthesis. We further evaluated the expression pattern in eight gene families involved in lignin-biosynthesis at different growth stages. In this study, appropriate biotechnological approaches using the information obtained for these putative genes will help to modify the desirable content traits in mutants. The transcriptome data can be used as a reference dataset and provide a resource for molecular genetic studies in kenaf.