Factores de riesgo asociados al consumo de sustancias en mujeres víctimas de maltrato en contexto de pobreza.

El trabajo analiza la relación entre el padecimiento de sucesos vitales estresantes y el consumo excesivo de alcohol y drogas en 136 mujeres víctimas de violencia de género de Nicaragua. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de una entrevista estructurada heteroaplicada diseñada para este fin, que recoge sucesos vitales estresantes padecidos por las víctimas a lo largo de su vida. Los resultados muestran que quienes padecieron distintos episodios de violencia desde la infancia consumieron alcohol y drogas en exceso. Además, el mayor predictor para el consumo de alcohol y drogas se encuentra entre quienes padecieron abuso sexual antes de los 18 años. Por otra parte, los análisis Odds Ratio indican un aumento del riesgo para el consumo de sustancias cuando el abuso se produjo a edades tempranas. Pese a la relevancia para la salud de las víctimas, existen pocos dispositivos en Nicaragua con los que atender a las víctimas de violencia de género hacia procesos de recuperación, sobre todo para quienes han desarrollado estrategias de afrontamiento relacionados con el consumo excesivo de sustancias. The work analyzes the relationship between the suffering of stressful life events and the excessive consumption of alcohol and drugs in 136 women victims of gender violence in Nicaragua. The data was obtained from a heteroapplied structured interview designed for this purpose, which collects stressful life events suffered by the victims throughout their lives. The results show that those who suffered different episodes of violence since childhood consumed alcohol and drugs in excess. In addition, the greatest predictor for alcohol and drug use is among those who suffered sexual abuse before age 18. On the other hand, the Odds Ratio analyzes indicate an increased risk for the consumption of substances when the abuse occurred at an early age. Despite the relevance for the health of the victims, there are few devices in Nicaragua with which to assist victims of gender violence towards recovery processes, especially for those who have developed coping strategies related to excessive substance use.

Internet addiction: a new addiction?

The internet today has become an integral part of daily life that facilitates communication, education, and entertainment. The behavioral pattern of excessive internet usage has similarities to substance addiction, such as tolerance, withdrawal, repeated failure to reduce or quit, and impairment in daily life. Yet, there is no consistent physiological change that accompanies excessive use of the internet, as there is in excessive substance use. Neurological and neuroimaging studies of excessive internet users show biological changes in the prefrontal cortex that are similar to those found in other addictive syndromes. Brain structure changes also occur in the temporal cortex and ventral striatum, compromising executive function in planning and reasoning and increasing impulsive risk, resulting in loss of control over internet use. Of all the potential online applications known to cause addiction, only internet gaming disorder has been selected in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) as a condition for further study.

A Novel Treatment Approach for Accuracy of a Miniature Technique for Guided Access Cavity Preparation In Anterior Teeth Using CBCT

Root canal system may be partially or completely obliterated due to physiological ageing or external injuries such as- Attrition, Caries, Previous operative procedures & Trauma. Root canal treatment is very challenging in these cases and is associated with a high failure rate, especially in mandibular incisors. Even with the use of dental microscope conventional endodontic therapy has demonstrated that it may lead to excessive substance loss, which results in a considerably decreased healing rate. Recently, a new method has been introduced for treatment of calcified teeth and periapical pathosis called “Guided Endodontics”. Virtual planning of an ideal access cavity is a Special software, CBCT & 3D surface scan. A template can be produced by means of a 3D printer. This template guides a minimally invasive drill to the pulp chamber and root canal. KEYWORDS- Guided endodontics, CBCT, template

The impact study - motivating a change in health behaviour

IMPaCT is a five-year project funded by the Department of Health, UK. Running in the UK and now Sweden, the IMPACT Project aims to target the poor physical health and excessive substance use seen in people with SMI. There is evidence that behavioural interventions may be associated with an improvement in physical health and substance use in this population.IMPaCT is a randomised controlled trial of a health promotion intervention which consists of a manualised modular approach to working with people with severe mental illness to empower them to improve their physical health and substance use habits. It consists of The Manual, The Reference Guide and The Better Health Handbook which make up a therapy package to support clients to become healthier.The therapy is provided by care coordinators (mental health practitioners) over a 6–9 month period and combines Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) with Motivational Interviewing (MI) principles. The aim is to work with clients to help them identify their own problem health behaviours, e.g. smoking, diet, exercise, drug and alcohol use. Realistic goals are set and revised with the client, and individual and group sessions are used to develop personal motivation to change. Information, workbooks and diaries are provided to record progress and give helpful hints, while meaningful alternative activities are introduced to replace problem health behaviours.