Serous Glands in the Skin of the Tungara Frog, Engystomops pustulosus (Cope, 1864) (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Degenerated Secretory Units are Selectively Removed by Macrophages

The cutaneous apparatus of Engystomops pustulosus (Cope, 1864) (the Tungara frog) includes serous glands that show impressive patterns of degeneration in their syncytial secretory units, and thus represent suitable organ models to investigate the role of macrophages in renewal processes of multicellular structures. The present case report exploits this chance and highlights that: (a) degenerating glands pertain to the Ia line of the polymorphic serous gland assortment in Tungara skin; (b) resident macrophages migrate from spongy dermis and remove syncytium debris; (c) secretory syncytium collapse results from impairment of the equilibrium between serous product manufacturing/storage and merocrine release into the dermal environment; (d) Intercalated tract (or gland neck) and myoepithelium (included its ortho-sympathetic nerve supply), are neither involved in degeneration nor affected by macrophage response. According to present evidence and current literature, it is concluded that the scavenger activity of macrophages prepares secretory unit renewal, performed by stem cells from the neck. In addition, gland functional rehabilitation may rely on effectiveness of the preexisting neuromuscular apparatus to achieve secretory bulk release onto the cutaneous surface.

IMPROVING THE CRITERIA AND METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE STRAIN ON WORKERS IN MODERN TYPES OF WORK

Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to develop and scientifically substantiate physiological criteria for assessing working conditions in difficult cases according to indicators of the functional state of the body (in accordance with the section "General hygienic assessment of working conditions" of Guideline R 2.2.2006-05). The aim of the work is to determine changes in the functional state of the body in workers of mental, visual-intense, physical activity on the basis of complex physiological and hygienic studies to substantiate quantitative physiological criteria for different classes of labor intensity. Materials and methods. Complex industrial physiological and hygienic studies included an assessment of the degree of labor intensity with the analysis of retrospective data, physiological studies of the central nervous system, visual analyzer, neuromuscular apparatus, cardiovascular system of mental workers (52 groups), visually stressful (32), physical labor ( 71 professional group). Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the statistical software Statistika 10, Microsoft Excel 2010. Research results. It is shown that the depth and time of the onset of physiological changes depend on the degree of labor intensity, which makes it possible to calculate the percentage of decrease in functions, taking into account the intensity class of the labor process. The list of physiological criteria for confirming the class of working conditions is determined by the characteristics of labor activity, with mental work these are indicators of concentration of attention and the volume of working memory, with visually intense labor, the critical frequency of fusion of light flashes, with physical labor, muscle endurance and heart rate. Conclusions. Quantitative physiological criteria have been established for various types of labor activity, which provide a valid evidence-based assessment of the class of working conditions according to the characteristics of the intensity of the labor process and control of the levels of the functional state.

Vibration disease from exposure to general vibration: methodology of diagnosis and place of electroneuromyography

The article describes the features of the state of the neuromuscular apparatus in vibration diseases of various degrees of severity using electroneuromyographic research on the basis of the department of occupational Pathology of the regional center of Occupational Pathology of the Samara Medical and Sanitary Unit No. 5 of the Kirov district. It was found that patients with vibration disease are characterized by changes in the excitability and functional mobility of the sensorimotor system, the formation of vegetative-sensory polyneuropathy, depending on the severity of the vibration disease, the length of work in contact with vibration.

Functional-diagnostic approach to the system of education of sportsmanship of swimmers

The problem of athletes' working capacity recovery after training and competitive loads is one of the most urgent in sports. The results of our research, carried out in the process of year- round training of members of the national swimming teams of the legal and polytechnic universities, showed that one of the systems experiencing the greatest stress and changes under the influence of a training load is the neuromuscular apparatus. The purpose of the work was to organize the restoration of sports performance, which is based on a functional diagnostic approach. The proposed system of restoration of sports performance, based on the constant consideration of the functional state of the swimmers' organism, allows to ensure adequate use of rehabilitation means, high individualization and effectiveness of the impact.

On the question of coordination of movements. Influence of some movements on simultaneous with them other movements

All active movements of our members in individual joints, with a few exceptions, are carried out easily and freely in the limits determined by the architecture of a particular joint and the function of those in charge of certain movements of the neuromuscular apparatus. Ease and freedom of movement in the known articulation is achieved and improved by exercise in this movement; lightness and freedom of movement becomes perfect from the moment the well-known movement becomes familiar; then the movement becomes automatic, requiring no or almost no consciousness for its manifestation.

Respiratory Neuropathy as an Important Component of Critical Illness Polyneuromyopathy

ABSTRACT. The attention of neurologists, neurosurgeons, intensive care physicians has been attracted recently by the new PICS (Post Intensive Care Syndrome) symptom complex (PIC) or PIC syndrome — Post Intensive Care Syndrome. One of the most severe options for PIT syndrome is critical illness polymyoneuropathy (CIP). Polyneuropathy (Critical illness polyneuropathies, or CIP) and myopathy (Critical illness myopathies, or CIM) are common complications of critical care. Several syndromes of muscle weakness are combined under the term «Intensive care unit-acquired weakness» or ICUAW. Respiratory neuropathy is a special case of PMCS, where respiratory failure is associated with damage to the neuromuscular apparatus of external respiration. The clinical consequence of respiratory neuropathy is an unsuccessful weaning from ventilator and a long stay of patients in ICU. This systematic review of the literature is an analysis of publications devoted to the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of CIP and respiratory neuropathy, diagnostic methods, new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of ICU patients with respiratory neuropathy. The special attention is given to the problem of acute muscle wasting, diagnosis and correction of proteinenergy metabolism disorders in patients with respiratory neuropathy.

Dynamic study of the nervous muscular system of machine operator at the engine make

The article is devoted to the study of the functional state of the neuromuscular apparatus of manual workers. Dynamom-etry and tremorometry of the right-hand muscles on the machine operators of the engine make in the dynamics of the work shift were carried out. Analysis of the results revealed an overstrain of the neuromuscular system under the influence of the labor process.

TOXICITY AND HAZARD OF NEUROPARALYTIC ACTION OF FIRE-RESISTANT TURBINE OILS BASED ON TRIARYL PHOSPHATES

The paper presents the results of assessing the toxicity and danger of the development of neuroparalytic effect of fire-resistant turbine oils «Turbomas», «T-94» and «T-95» based on triaryl phosphates. According to the toxicity parameters, the studied oils are low-toxic substances, exhibit weakly expressed cumulative properties, do not irritate the skin and mucous membranes, penetrate through intact skin, and increase the activity of microsomal enzymes, when injected into the stomach and abdominal cavity. The study of the neuroparalytic action of oils «Turbomas», «T-94» and «T-95» did not reveal the presence of clinical and morphological signs of disorders of the neuromuscular apparatus in animals, which makes it possible to exclude the possibility of neuroparalytic action in persons in contact with the studied oils.