Investigate The Sintering Behavior of IZO Ceramic Targets Prepared By Pressure Slip Casting

The density and phase structure uniformity of the IZO ceramic target would have an effect on the optoelectronic properties of the sputtered film. In this work, a uniformly dispersed IZO slurry was used to obtain high-density green IZO compacts by the slip casting process. Based on the grain size and shrinkage data of IZO ceramics, the densification process was investigated, while the apparent activation energy and growth activation energy were also calculated. The results of XPS showed that sintering in an oxygen atmosphere can increase the concentration of oxygen vacancies of IZO ceramic to improve its electrical properties. Finally, IZO ceramics with a grain size of 3-6 μm and resistivity of 1.5 mΩ·cm were obtained by a two-step sintering method.

Cdc42 GTPase Activating Proteins (GAPs) Regulate Generational Inheritance of Cell Polarity and Cell Shape in Fission Yeast

The highly conserved small GTPase Cdc42 regulates polarized cell growth and morphogenesis from yeast to humans. We previously reported that Cdc42 activation exhibits oscillatory dynamics at cell tips of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells. Mathematical modeling suggests that this dynamic behavior enables a variety of symmetric and asymmetric Cdc42 activation distributions to coexist in cell populations. For individual wild type cells, however, Cdc42 distribution is initially asymmetrical and becomes more symmetrical as cell volume increases, enabling bipolar growth activation. To explore whether different patterns of Cdc42 activation are possible in vivo, we examined S. pombe rga4∆ mutant cells, lacking the Cdc42 GTPase activating protein (GAP) Rga4. We found that monopolar rga4∆ mother cells divide asymmetrically leading to the emergence of both symmetric and asymmetric Cdc42 distributions in rga4∆ daughter cells. Motivated by different hypotheses that can mathematically reproduce the unequal fate of daughter cells, we used genetic screening to identify mutants that alter the rga4∆ phenotype. We found that the unequal distribution of active Cdc42 GTPase is consistent with an unequal inheritance of another Cdc42 GAP, Rga6, in the two daughter cells. Our findings highlight the crucial role of Cdc42 GAP localization in maintaining consistent Cdc42 activation and growth patterns across generations. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text]

How to Obtain a Mega-Intestine with Normal Morphology: In Silico Modelling of Postnatal Intestinal Growth in a Cd97-Transgenic Mouse

Intestinal cylindrical growth peaks in mice a few weeks after birth, simultaneously with crypt fission activity. It nearly stops after weaning and cannot be reactivated later. Transgenic mice expressing Cd97/Adgre5 in the intestinal epithelium develop a mega-intestine with normal microscopic morphology in adult mice. Here, we demonstrate premature intestinal differentiation in Cd97/Adgre5 transgenic mice at both the cellular and molecular levels until postnatal day 14. Subsequently, the growth of the intestinal epithelium becomes activated and its maturation suppressed. These changes are paralleled by postnatal regulation of growth factors and by an increased expression of secretory cell markers, suggesting growth activation of non-epithelial tissue layers as the origin of enforced tissue growth. To understand postnatal intestinal growth mechanistically, we study epithelial fate decisions during this period with the use of a 3D individual cell-based computer model. In the model, the expansion of the intestinal stem cell (SC) population, a prerequisite for crypt fission, is largely independent of the tissue growth rate and is therefore not spontaneously adaptive. Accordingly, the model suggests that, besides the growth activation of non-epithelial tissue layers, the formation of a mega-intestine requires a released growth control in the epithelium, enabling accelerated SC expansion. The similar intestinal morphology in Cd97/Adgre5 transgenic and wild type mice indicates a synchronization of tissue growth and SC expansion, likely by a crypt density-controlled contact inhibition of growth of intestinal SC proliferation. The formation of a mega-intestine with normal microscopic morphology turns out to originate in changes of autonomous and conditional specification of the intestinal cell fate induced by the activation of Cd97/Adgre5.

Key Factors Influencing the Management of the Enterprise’s Development

The gradual demise of the command-administrative management system determines the relevance of the study of the peculiarities of the development of the methodological basis for managing the development of industrial enterprises in terms of modern management. The article highlights the features of managing the development of industrial enterprises in the context of globalization, as the adoption of the methodology of sustainable development, which is based on the principles of socially responsible activities of enterprises; increasing the weight of management of changes and constraints in the overall management system of enterprise development; increasing the role of informal tools in building a methodology for evaluating directions, as well as methods of strategic forecasting and planning of enterprise development; abandonment of management decisions in the short term in favor of long-term strategic decisions; decentralization of enterprise management and dissemination of collective decision-making methods; improving marketing management as one of the decisive factors in increasing the competitiveness of enterprises, their investment attractiveness. The interpretation of the enterprise’s evolvement as a process of acquiring new qualitative, quantitative or structural properties of the socio-economic system, which involves a change in the parameters of its state and the acquisition of equilibrium, is elaborated. The system is transformed through the growth, activation or structuring of the constituent elements. The author considers relationship between the concepts of «innovation» and «development» as complex categories that need to be clearly delineated and closer defined. The factors limiting the ability of enterprises to increase production include: prices for the raw and expendable materials, cost of energy, tax pressure, lack of working capital, insufficient effective demand of domestic consumers, high competition in the commodity market. The key internal factors that affect the development of the enterprise are its existing potential, functional activity of the organization and the effectiveness of enterprise development. Innovation remains an important sign of development – necessary, but insufficient for its implementation. The key factors influencing the management of enterprise development include the mission, vision, values and policies, plan and program of enterprise development.

Cdc42 GTPase Activating Proteins (GAPs) Maintain Generational Inheritance of Cell Polarity and Cell Shape in Fission Yeast

The highly conserved small GTPase Cdc42 regulates polarized cell growth and morphogenesis from yeast to humans. We previously reported that Cdc42 activation exhibits oscillatory dynamics in Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells. Mathematical modeling suggests that this dynamic behavior enables a variety of symmetric and asymmetric Cdc42 distributions to coexist in cell populations. For individual wild type cells, however, growth follows a stereotypical pattern where Cdc42 distribution is initially asymmetrical in young daughter cells and becomes more symmetrical as cell volume increases, enabling bipolar growth activation. To explore whether different states of Cdc42 activation are possible in a biological context, we examined S. pombe rga4Δ mutant cells, lacking the Cdc42 GTPase activating protein (GAP) Rga4. We found that monopolar rga4Δ mother cells divide asymmetrically leading to the emergence of both symmetric and asymmetric Cdc42 distributions in rga4Δ daughter cells. Using genetic screening approaches to identify mutants that alter the rga4Δ phenotype, we tested the predictions of different computational models that reproduce the unequal fate of daughter cells. We found experimentally that the unequal distribution of active Cdc42 GTPase in daughter cells is consistent with an unequal inheritance of another Cdc42 GAP, Rga6, in the two daughter cells. Our findings highlight the crucial role of Cdc42 GAP protein localization in determining the morphological fate of cell progeny and ensuring consistent Cdc42 activation and growth patterns across generations.

Stigmasterol Sensitizes Endometrial Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy By repressing Nrf2 Signal Pathway

Background: Chemoresistance reduces the 5-year survival rate of endometrial cancer patient, which is the current major obstacle for cancer therapy. Increasing evidence state that Nrf2 contributes to chemoresistance in several kinds of cancer. However, its role in endometrial cancer cells need further study.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Nrf2 in healthy patient and endometrial cancer patient. Nrf2 overexpressed stable transfection cell line was established to evaluated its role in chemoresistance. Dot blot assays were used to assess global hydroxymethylation levels after stigmasterol treatment. Cellular growth activation was detected by CCK8 assay. Western blot was used to evaluate the changes of the target molecules after various treatments.Results: Nrf2 is overexpressed in endometrial cancer tissues compared with the normal endometrium. Overexpression of Nrf2 resulted in decrease sensitivity to cisplatin. In addition, a novel Nrf2 inhibitor, stigmasterol, has been identified, which enhanced the sensitivity to cisplatin, and the mechanism is that stigmasterol declines the Nrf2 protein level.Conclusions: Our data identify stigmasterol as a novel potential inhibitor of Nrf2 and highlight a critical role of stigmasterol in inhibiting chemoresistance in cisplatin combination therapy.