Shape isomerism and magicity in Ni isotopes

A systematic study of shapes in Ni [Formula: see text] isotopes has been made in the Relativistic–Hartree–Bogoliubov (RHB) formalism with two types of density-dependent NN interactions which are based on the range of meson-exchange. The constraint calculations assuming the axial and triaxial-symmetry predict the shape isomerism in the case of [Formula: see text] isotopes. Significant jumps at [Formula: see text] in the binding energy per nucleon (BE/A) and in the [Formula: see text] correspond to the neutron shell closure, and [Formula: see text] as doubly magic nuclei. The present calculation supports the recently reported calculations using the non-relativistic Hartree–Fock (HF) Skyrme SIII [1] interaction predicting the importance of tensor parameter in order to reproduce the experimental findings of the proton level crossing at [Formula: see text]. The results obtained are in agreement with experiment and with other theoretical studies.

Local well-posedness of the inertial Qian–Sheng’s Q-tensor dynamical model near uniaxial equilibrium

We consider the inertial Qian–Sheng’s Q-tensor dynamical model for the nematic liquid crystal flow, which can be viewed as a system coupling the hyperbolic-type equations for the Q-tensor parameter with the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations for the fluid velocity. We prove the existence and uniqueness of local in time strong solutions to the system with the initial data near uniaxial equilibrium. The proof is mainly based on the classical Friedrich method to construct approximate solutions and the closed energy estimate.

Appraisal of magnetotelluric galvanic electric distortion by optimizing amplitude and phase tensor relations

The introduction of the phase tensor marked a major breakthrough in the analysis and treatment of electric field galvanic distortion in the magnetotellurics method. Recently, the phase tensor formulation has been extended to a complete impedance tensor decomposition by introducing the complementary amplitude tensor, and both tensors can be further parameterized to represent geometric properties such as dimensionality, strike angle, and macroscopic anisotropy. Both tensors are characteristic for the electromagnetic induction phenomenon in the conductive subsurface with its specific geometric structure. The central hypothesis is that this coupling should result in similarities in both tensor’s geometric parameters, skew, strike, and anisotropy. A synthetic example illustrates that the undistorted amplitude tensor parameters are more similar to the phase tensor than increasingly distorted ones and provides empiric evidence for the predictability of the proposed hypothesis. Conclusions drawn are reverse engineered to produce an objective function that minimizes when amplitude and phase tensor parameter dissimilarity is, along with any present distortion, minimal. A genetic algorithm with such an objective function is used to systematically seek the distortion parameters necessary to correct any affected amplitude tensor and, thus, impedance data. The successful correction of a large synthetic impedance data set with random distortion further supports the central hypothesis and serves as comparison to the state-of-the-art. The classic BC87 data set sites lit007/ lit008 and lit901/ lit902 have been noted by various authors to contain significant distortion and a 3D regional response, thus invalidating current distortion analysis methods and eluding geologic interpretation. Correction of the BC87 responses based on the present hypothesis conforms to the regional geology.

Prediction of Arterial Failure Based on a Microstructural Bi-Layer Fiber-Matrix Model With Softening

Two approaches to predict failure of soft tissue are available. The first is based on a pointwise criticality condition, e.g. von Mises maximum stress, and it is restrictive because only a local state of deformation is considered and the failure criterion is separated from stress analysis. The second is based on damage mechanics where a scalar or tensor parameter is introduced to describe the degradation of material properties during mechanical loading. The damage parameter is an internal variable which magnitude is constrained by a damage evolution equation and a critical threshold condition. Theoretically, the approach of damage mechanics is very flexible and allows reflecting the physical processes triggering macroscopic damage at small length scales. Practically, the experimental calibration of damage theories is far from trivial and, because of that, it is reasonable to look for alternative theories that present the bulk failure in more feasible ways than the traditional damage theories.

Mechanism of Carbon-Black Reinforcement of Rubber Vulcanizate

The mechanism of reinforcing rubber with carbon black particles is investigated by comparing the strain energy density functions of pure and reinforced rubbers. Finite deformation biaxial extension experiments are used to measure the strain energy density. The functional form of the reinforced system, which has been proposed by Kawabata, is examined and its validity was confirmed over a temperature range of −20°C to 80°C. The functional form is: W(I1,I2)=CT(I1−3)+β(I1,I2)+γ(I1), where I1 and I2 are the invariants of the deformation tensor. Parameter C is a constant and T is the temperature. The reinforcement effect on W appears as the γ function which is not affected by temperature. The results are analyzed with respect to a network mechanical model consisting of molecule bundles connecting carbon-black aggregates. The function W is calculated and it is shown that the functional form of Wis very similar to that of the reinforced rubber.