Intermediate Field Directions Recorded in Pliocene Basalts in Styria (Austria): Evidence for Cryptochron C2r.2r-1

Pliocene volcanic rocks from South-East-Austria were paleomagnetically investigated. Samples were taken from 28 sites located on eight different volcanoes. Rock magnetic investigations revealed that magnetic carriers are Ti-rich or Ti-poor titanomagnetites with mainly pseudo-single-domain grain size. Characteristic remanent magnetization directions were obtained from alternating field as well as from thermal demagnetization. Four localities give reversed directions agreeing with the expected direction from secular variation. Another four localities of the Klöch-Königsberg volcanic complex (3) and the Neuhaus volcano (1) have reversed directions with shallow inclinations and declinations of about 240° while the locality Steinberg yields a positive inclination of about 30° and 200° declination. These aberrant directions cannot be explained by local or regional tectonic movements. All virtual geomagnetic pole positions are located on the southern hemisphere. Four virtual geomagnetic poles lie close to the geographic pole, while all others are concentrated in a narrow longitude sector offshore South America (310° to 355°) with low virtual geomagnetic pole latitudes ranging from − 15° to -70°. The hypothesis that a transitional geomagnetic field configuration was recorded during the short volcanic activity of these five localities is supported by 9 paleointensity results and 39Ar/40Ar dating. Virtual geomagnetic dipole moments range from 1.1 to 2.9·1022 Am2 for sites with low VGP latitudes about 60° and from 3.0 to 9.3·1022 Am2 for sites with higher virtual geomagnetic pole latitudes. The new 39Ar/40Ar ages of 2.51 ± 0.27 Ma for Klöch and 2.39 ± 0.03 Ma for Steinberg allow for the correlation of the Styrian transitional directions with cryptochron C2r.2r-1 of the geomagnetic polarity time scale.

Sustainable alternatives for by-products derived from industrial mussel processing: A critical review

The industrial mussel processing generates significant quantities of waste. Nearly 30% of one metric tonne of processed mussel is finally destined for human consumption. Regardless of the mussel commodities, an important quantity of waste is concentrated at several sub-processes, such as input reception, washing and declumping shells, and mussel meat extraction stages, or by means of the rejection of mussels only due to a size characteristic criterion established by the target market. Despite the main segregated waste comprising shells, byssus threads, residual meat and wastewater, a heterogeneous composition must be taken into account, since much of the solid waste is commonly gathered and compacted for landfill transportation purposes. This paper reviews the sustainable management strategies for mussel by-products, addressing their limitations for an industrial implementation to obtain value-added products. It is concluded that, although there is a well-known diversity of waste sustainable management alternatives, several proposed products (e.g., collagen, bio-adhesives, biopolymer, and adsorbent for pollutants) still remain in a potential framework, circumscribed into laboratory results, subject to an optimization process, to a validation by industrial pre-scale trials, or even limited by the associated production costs. Future researches should focus on reducing the uncertainties linked with their technical–economic feasibility for an industrial scale development.

Investigating the Fluid–Solid Interaction of Acid Nonionic Nanoemulsion with Carbonate Porous Media

The subject of rock–fluid interaction is important in cases where flow through porous media is occurring. One special case is when the fluid reacts with the porous matrix. In this case, the mass transfer and reaction rate control the dissolution pattern. This article aimed to study the interaction between an acid nanoemulsion system and a carbonate porous media. Nanoemulsions were developed to retard the rock’s dissolution and to promote the formation of conductivity channels. Nanoemulsions were prepared using ALK100 (alkyl alcohol ethoxylate) and RNX110 (alkylphenol ethoxylate) (nonionic surfactants), sec-butanol (co-surfactant), xylene isomers (oil phase), and a solution of HCl (aqueous phase). The obtained systems were characterized in terms of surface tension, droplet diameter, and reactivity. X-ray fluorescence/diffraction (XRF/XRD) and X-ray microtomography (microCT) were performed on carbonate porous media samples treated with the acid systems in order to observe the effects of the fluid–rock interaction. The results showed that the acid nanoemulsion, presenting a low oil content formulation, showed the low surface tension and droplet size characteristic of nanoemulsions. It was experimentally verified that the reactivity in the nanoemulsion media was mass-transfer-retarded, and that the wormhole pattern was verified under the studied conditions.

Influence of construction of bearing assembly on the size characteristic of crushing by a jaw crusher

Results of an experimental study on crushing granite from Iset deposit of the Ural region on the SHD-10M jaw crusher has been presented. Degree of influence of a bearing assembly of the SHD 10M crusher on fineness of final product by fractions has been determined, experiments with sampling has been conducted, results has been recorded, fineness characteristics of crushing product by “plus” and “minus” using the A-20 analyzer has been determined. Values of productivity, crushing time by fineness classes has been given.

Sincronización de sistemas activos en procesos de clasificación de objetos por tamaño

In this work, a study of control systems in discrete events is carried out through their representation using finite state machines, with the particularity of being applied in the management of a prototype that has been developed to performance tasks like handling and object classification by size. The present analysis gives continuity to a previous work, in which automaton theory totally based on mathematical formalism is approached, for its use in the control of a material handling process, whose active elements are a robot in angular configuration and a conveyor belt. Therefore, it is described the addition, to the test system, of sensors that allow the discernment of each piece entered into this process, of the own programming algorithms that lead to fulfill the established task, as well as of the graphic interface for management and presentation of process condition, through a computer. Results confirm the proper functioning of active elements used, as well as their appropriate synchronization in the assurance of the proposed object classification task, under analysis of the size characteristic.

Mass-produced SEBS/graphite nanoplatelet composites with a segregated structure for highly stretchable and recyclable strain sensors

By utilizing the micro-size characteristic of as-received SEBS powders and the ability of GNPs to attach to their surface, SEBS/GNP composites with a segregated structure were prepared for highly stretchable and recyclable strain sensors.

Body size characteristics and polymorphism in GH and GHRH genes of Simeulue Buffalo of Aceh, Indonesia

Eriani K, Rahmi R, Jamil I, Rosnizar R, Azhar A. 2019. Body size characteristics and polymorphism in GH and GHRH genes of Simeulue Buffalo of Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 236-242. This study was done to determine body size characteristics, to identify the presence of polymorphism in the GH/MspI and GHRH/HaeIII genes, and to analyze the relationship between GH and GHRH gene polymorphisms to body size characteristics in Simeulue buffalo. Experimental animals used were 45 Simeulue buffalo randomly sampled from three subdistricts, i.e., Salang, Alafan and Simeulue Cut, fifteen from each subdistrict. Body size characteristics measured were withered height, body length, chest circumference, chest depth, and hip height. A 5 mL whole blood was collected from fifteen out of forty five by using EDTA as an anticoagulant. Extraction of genomic DNA and analysis of GH/MspI and GHRH/HaeIII polymorphisms was done using GeneAid DNA extraction kit and polymerase chain reaction-restriction length fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, respectively. The data of body size characteristics which includes mean value, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation were analyzed descriptively. The molecular data represented by DNA banding pattern was used to calculate allele and genotype frequencies, expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosities, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The relationship between genotype and body size characteristic was analyzed using t-test. The results showed that coefficient of variation in body size characteristics was low, ranging from 5.39-16.06% in the age category of 4-6 years old and ranging from 5.25-11.27% in the age category of 2- 4 years old. The results of the molecular analysis indicated that GH/MspI locus was monomorphic by the presence of one (+/+) genotype. GHRH/HaeIII locus was polymorphic as shown by the presence of 3 genotypes namely AA (0.13), AB (0.80) and BB (0.07). Expected heterozygosity (0.80) was higher than observed heterozygosity (0.49). The frequency of GHRH/HaeIII agreed with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. GHRH/HaeIII polymorphism did not significantly influence (P>0.05) body size characteristics of Simeulue buffalo.