107 COVID 19 - Developing A Second Brain for Axillary Conservation During the Pandemic By Extrapolating Evidence On Technical Trends Of Sentinel Node Staging Of Axilla Into A Streamlined Recommendation

Introduction Axillary conservation is the way forward after game changing trials like ACOSOG Z0011, surrogate trials like IBCSG,AMAROS, ALMANAC, on-going POSNOC, and newbie ATNEC have decreased the need to fiddle with the axilla. Current standard is the utilisation of double technique with radioisotope and blue dye to decrease false negative rates for true sentinel node retrieval. Method Literature search on the topic in the last two decades. Results The search yielded 197 publications which were subjected to a meticulous review. Conclusions Single agent radioisotope is recommended in palpable and good biology breast tumours. Use of single agent blue dye can be standardised in axillary tail tumours. It is also recommended when isotope mapping is logistically not feasible or during pandemics like COVID 19 where looming infrastructure challenges are prevalent. Dual agent technique should be considered in previously treated breast and axilla, neoadjuvant chemotherapy cohort, bad tumour biology, high BMI and macromastia groups for true nodal retrieval. Optimal number of nodes taken out should not be more than three (n = 3). Lower axillary sampling of not more than 3 nodes is recommended for troubleshooting. Magnetic tracing can be used as an adjunct to either single agent (RI/BD) technique when there is failure to localise the sentinel node.

Enhancing In Situ Observation with the SCI Design (Shadowing–Conversations–Interview to the Double) to Capture the Cognitive Underpinnings of Action

In situ observation methods have essentially been mobilized to study actors’ doings, but they have also been mobilized (through studies in the stream of situated action) to study cognition in these same organizational actors. The existing methodological designs have helped to enhance our knowledge of certain cognitive underpinnings, but they carry two limits: (1) they are deployed following a stacking logic, that is, by triangulation, which is more about compensating for the weaknesses of the component methods than uniting their strengths, and which has the pitfall of capturing cognition and action separately; and (2) they cannot capture all the situated and structuring facets of the cognitive underpinnings of action. Here we propose to overcome these barriers with the SCI design: S for shadowing, C for conversions, and I for an interview borrowing on the ‘interview to the double’ technique. This design is built in a synergy-guided effort that hinges on tightly meshing these three techniques together at fieldwork deployment. This articulation makes it possible to capture action and cognition together and to surface both the situated and structuring facets of cognition underpinning action. The SCI design is easy enough to deploy in fieldwork across a whole range of research settings.

Microendoscopic Surgery of Middle Ear and Petrous Bone: Benefits Analysis

Objectives: Endoscopy has become routinely used in middle ear surgery. The aim of this study is to analyze where this tool may complement the traditional microscopic approach. This is a retrospective study done in single tertiary hospital. Methods: We reviewed 342 middle ear/petrous bone surgical procedures performed between 2005 and 2015. Only cases in which both microscopic and endoscope-assisted techniques were used have been included. Sixty-six patients received this double-technique surgery: 51 (77.2%) had middle ear/mastoid and petrous bone cholesteatomas (46 middle ear and mastoid and 5 acquired/congenital petrous bone cholesteatomas), 5 (7.5%) had glomus tympanicum tumors (GTT), 4 (6%) had an ossicular chain dislocation, 3 (4.5%) had purulent chronic otitis media, 2 (3%) had tympanosclerosis, and 1 (1.5%) had an ossicular chain malformation. Results: The endoscope was helpful to remove disease remnants not accessible by microscope in 41 (62%) of the cases; 37 (90%) were cholesteatomas, 3 (7%) were GTT, and only 1 (3%) was an open tympanosclerosis. In the remaining 25 (37.8%) cases, the endoscope was useful only to visualize the cavity since the microscope had already been successful in removing the entire lesion. Conclusions: The endoscopy can add valuable information and support to the usual microscope approach alone. The consensus of a single best technique does not yet exist, but the physician should choose the best modality or combination of modalities in order to cure the patient and prevent any possible complications or recurrence of the pathology.

Gastrointestinal nematodes of goats: host–parasite relationship differences in breeds at summer mountain pasture in northern Italy

IntroductionThe Orobic goat is a hardy breed native to the Orobic Alps (Lombardy, northern Italy). The aim of the study was the assessment of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) egg excretion in Alpine and Saanen (cosmopolite breeds) and Orobic grazing goats, after a strategic treatment with eprinomectin in late June.Material and MethodsIndividual faecal samples from a mixed flock of cosmopolite and Orobic goats were collected and analysed by the FLOTAC double technique every three weeks from June to September.ResultsStrongylida was the primary GIN infection observed in goats that grazed on Alpine pastures; a strategic treatment with eprinomectin led to a prolonged reduction of egg excretion during the whole study period. Egg excretion was also influenced by breed. Pluriparous Orobic does were able to control reinfection better than the pluriparous cosmopolite does. Regarding Nematodirus sp. eggs per gram of faeces (EPG), the autochthonous Orobic breed presented higher values than the cosmopolite breeds. However, cosmopolite goats presented higher EPG values of Strongyloides papillosus than their Orobic counterparts in August.ConclusionsFurther studies on genetic features of local autochthonous goats, such as the Orobic breed, are needed, since they could reveal peculiar characteristics of susceptibility, resistance or resilience to GIN infection, providing genetic resources for selection.

TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES USED IN THE ENGLISH SUBTITLE OF “ALI BABA BURLESQUE”

The objective of this study was to elaborate how is the realization of translation techniques in a micro-unit of Ali Baba Burlesque subtitle. The research methodology used in the research is qualitative design. The data were micro-units (words, clauses, phrases and sentences).The data were collected through documentary technique. The data were analyzed by using interactive model namely data condensation, data display and drawing conclusion.The findings of this study revealed that the realization of translation techniques in the English Subtitle of Ali Baba Burlesque consist of 2 groups consists of double techniques and triple techniques. For the double techniques namely Modulation and Reduction (0.2%), Modulation and Borrowing (4.3%), Literal and Borrowing (1.1%), Reduction and Borrowing (1.2%), Amplification and Borrowing (0.1%), Amplification and Generalization (0.1%) ,Establish Equivalence and Borrowing (0.1%). And triple techniques namely Amplification, Reduction and Modulation (0.1%). The conclusion: multiple techniques in Ali Baba Burlesque consist of triple techniques and double techniques. Double techniques that found in the micro-unit, mainly focused on Modulation but also associated with Borrowing. Meanwhile for triple techniques, it also focused on modulation but different from double technique, it associated with other techniques namely Amplification, and Reduction.Keywords:Translation,double, triple, multi techniques.,

Translation Techniques Used in Translating the Captions of Ani Yudhoyono’ Instagram

The objectives of this study were to classify the types of translation techniques used in translating the captions of Ani Yudhoyono’s Instagram, to describe how the techniques are used in translating the captions of AniYudhoyono’sInstagram, and to find out the reason of using the technique in translating the captions of AniYudhoyono’s Instagram. The data were 226 captions (words and sentences) collected weekly written by Ani Yudhoyono in her Instagram account in. This research applied Qualitative Research design. The data were collected through reading and analyzing the source language and her translation in the target language. Another five was not exist. It was happen because there were some captions that were not able translated by applying those techniques in order to keep the sense of language itself.The most dominant technique used was Literal technique consisting of 54 data. In another word, it has 23.89% of the frequency, Compensation with 25 data (11.06%), Modulation with 19 data (8.40%), Transposition with 18 data (7.96%), Borrowing with 16 data (7.07%), Calque with 16 data (7.07%), Adaptation with 15 data (6.63%), Description with 14 data (6.19%), Reduction with 14 data (6.19%), Linguistic compression with 12 data (5.30%), Amplification with 11 data (4.86%), Particularization with 5 data (2.21%), and Generalization with 4 data (1.76%). While in the double techniques, the translator used Borrowing+Transposition with 1 data (0.44%), Calque+Amplification with 1 data (0.44%) and the last is Transposition+Calque with 1 data (0.44%).In this study, the translator doesn’t only apply single technique in a sentence (caption), but she also applied double technique in five of the data.Keywords: Translation Technique, Instagram, Molina and Albir, Caption, Bilingual

Apport contrastif des dictionnaires généraux de la langue au problème de l’indexation automatique dans le discours technico-scientifique

Résumé L'exposé a trait à l'analyse de textes disponibles sur support lisible par ordinateur. Il est centré sur la présentation d'un analyseur expérimental dont l'objectif est d'obtenir d'un texte une indexation thématique par des moyens automatiques. L'analyseur exploite des bases de données extraites de dictionnaires généraux de langue (monolingues, comme LDOCE, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, ou bilingues, comme Le Robert & Collins, dictionnaire français - anglais/english - french dictionary). L'indexation recherchée est obtenue par une double technique de contraste: contraste d'une part entre le profil thématique du texte à analyser, évalué par consultation des dictionnaires, et un profil thématique plus neutre évalué dans les mêmes conditions sur un texte ou corpus de textes choisi comme référence; contraste d'autre part entre le vocabulaire du texte et celui des dictionnaires consultés. Il est fait état d'une large expérience où le corpus anglais LOB (Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen) a servi à la fois d'objet d'analyse et de corpus de référence. L'indépendance des techniques utilisées vis-à-vis de la langue analysée est soulignée, ce qui rend leur application possible à la langue française.