Edukasi Petani Terhadap Pencemaran Udara Pada Skala Rumah Tangga (Househol Air Pollution) Di Desa Tridana Mulya

Knowledge of farming communities in Desa Tridana Mulya before and after household air pollution (HAP) is described in this study. Using quantitative methods, generally farmers' knowledge about air pollution in a household is still low (low category 60%; medium 3%; high 5%). One alternative to increase the knowledge of these farmers is through counselling activities on air pollution in the household. After the knowledge extension activities, the farmers were categorized as high as 70%, medium 25% and low 5%). Shows Spearman's correlation test that P-value = 0.005 is smaller than the α value = 0.01, so H0: ρs = 0 is rejected, this meaning knowledge of the farming community before and after being given counselling a significant correlation. Counselling can significantly. increase farmers' knowledge about air pollution household (HAP).

Capacity Building in Mental Health for Bihar: Overview of the 1-Year Blended Training Program for Nonspecialist Medical Officers

Objective The aim of this study is to give an experiential overview of a 1-year blended training program for nonspecialist medical officers (primary care doctors; PCDs) of Bihar State of India. The training program was aimed to enable PCDs identify, diagnose, and treat commonly presenting psychiatric disorders in primary care Methods PCDs had a brief onsite orientation program to psychiatric practice at National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS), followed by 10 months of online blended training. The online program followed the NIMHANS Virtual Knowledge- Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model, that is, a hub and spokes model of training Results Twenty-two PCDs participated in this program. Eleven of them got accredited at the end. The onsite orientation consisted of exposure to various psychiatry facilities at NIMHANS, in addition to learning psychiatric history taking and mental status examination. The ECHO model of online learning consisted of fortnightly sessions, lasting 2 hours each. There were 20 such sessions. Each session consisted of a didactic lecture by the psychiatrist followed by a case discussion. The cases were presented by PCDs, moderated by the hub specialists (NIMHANS). At the end of the training, participants rated an average of 4.5/5 on the mode, content and relevance of training and increase in knowledge due to the training. Around 23,000 patients were cared for during the said 1 year by the trained PCDs. Conclusion Training PCDs in a manner that enables retaining the learnt skills is feasible. However, rigorous evaluation protocols are needed in order to test this in a systematic fashion.

DETERMINATION OF RECIPES CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS BASED ON IMAGE

Image recognition is used to retrieve, analyse, understand, and process images from the real world to convert them into digital information. In this area involved data mining, machine learning, pattern recognition, knowledge extension. Developments in the image recognition area have resulted in computers and smartphones becoming capable of mimicking human eyesight. Improved cameras in modern devices can take pictures of very high quality, and with the help of new software, they receive the necessary information and on the basis of the received data is processed images. However, food recognition challenges modern computer vision systems and needs to go beyond just an visible image. Compared to understanding the natural image, visual prediction of ingredients requires high-level solutions and previous knowledge. This creates additional problems, because food components have high variability between the class, when cooking, you have to convert components and the ingredients are often included in the cooked dish. The recognition system allows you to take a step toward understanding the food supply systems such as calorie score and create recipes. The recognition system can be used to address wider problems, such as the prediction of the image on the consistency of the folding elements.

Challenging the Discourse of Leadership as Knowledge: Knowing and Not Knowing

Leadership and knowledge are often paired together. Yet, certain forces that operate on businesses and individuals are often unknowable. In this study, we consider leaders’ perceptions of the consequences of not knowing and how leaders discursively cope with a sense of not knowing. Based on interviews with 33 participants working in multinational companies in India, we find that leaders perceive negative consequences of not knowing and engage in discursive tactics such as posing, delaying, clarifying, admitting, being silent, and stating “I don’t know,” that sustain and are sustained by the Discourse of leadership as knowledge. The findings contribute to the discursive leadership literature by demonstrating tactics leaders use as they attempt to balance the discursive construction of leadership as knowledge and lived experiences of not knowing. We discuss how the Discourse of leadership as knowledge will hamper knowledge extension as it undermines not knowing and privileges knowing over not knowing.

Common Knowledge in an Epistemic Logic with Hypotheses

We extend epistemic logic S5r for reasoning about knowledge under hypotheses with distributive knowledge operator. This extension gives possibility to express distributive knowledge of agents with different background assumptions. The logic is important in com- puter science since it models agents behavior which already have some equipped knowledge. Extension with distributive knowledge shows to be extremely interesting since knowledge of an arbitrary agent whose epistemic capacity corresponds to any system between S4 and S5 under some restrictions can be modeled as distributive knowledge of agents with cer- tain background knowledge. We present an axiomatization of the logic and prove Kripke completeness and decidability results.

Improved Vegetable Cultivation Practices: An Adoption Study among the Farmers’ of Some Selected Areas in Bangladesh

The research work has been done to determine the extent of adoption of improved vegetable cultivation practices by the farmers. Attempt was also made to explore the contribution of selected characteristics of farmers viz. age, education, family size, farm size, experience in vegetable cultivation, annual income, vegetable cultivation knowledge, extension media contact, organizational participation, innovativeness, training experiences and problems confrontation on their adoption of improved practices in vegetable cultivation. It is a Field Survey Research Shajahanpur upazila under Bogra district of Bangladesh by the department of Agricultural Extension and Information System between January to June of 2018. Data were collected from randomly selected 112 farmers of Chopinagar union under Shajahanpur upazila of Bogra district by using a structured interview schedule. Appropriate scales were developed in order to measure the variables. Multiple regression test was used to ascertain the contribution of the concerned independent variables on the dependent variable of the research work. 50% of the farmers had low adoption while 40% had medium adoption and 9.80% had high adoption of improved practices in vegetable cultivation. Among the selected characteristics education, experiences in vegetable cultivation, annual income, innovativeness and training experiences showed significant and positive contribution to their adoption of improved practices in vegetable cultivation. However, family size and problems confrontation showed the negative significant contribution to adoption of improved practices in vegetable cultivation of the farmers. Age, farm size, vegetable cultivation knowledge, extension media contact and organizational participation did not show any significant contribution on the adoption of improved practices in vegetable cultivation of the farmers. Adoption of improved vegetable cultivation practices by the farmers will not be possible to improve in a significant extent unless the concerned authorities (like-Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Agricultural Extension) take proper steps.