ržište privatnog zdravstvenog osiguranja u debatama o reformi zdravstvenog sistema u postsocijalističkim zemljama

Debates on the reform of health care fi nancing in the former socialist countries during the period of social transformation were conducted as part of a wider debate regarding changes in the overall social system. Existing financing models and innovative measures were reviewed. As part of such discussions, the voluntary health insurance market also received a lot of the attention. Diff erent views were expressed in the debates that were conducted during the 1990s, from seeing a suitable supplementary source of health care funding to those who highlighted the constraints in its implementation and modest results that can be expected. As one of the criteria for assessing the suitability of this mechanism, we could review what has been achieved so far in its application. Th e paper looks at the ground covered and the situation in the former socialist countries at the end of the second decade of this century, with particular reference to Serbia and countries in its surroundings. When it comes to Serbia it can be expected that the limiting factors from the last ten years will be still manifested in the future. It is estimated that there are weak prospects of activating voluntary health insurance as a way to alleviate the problems of insuffi cient fi nancing of the health care system.

Features of the competitive environment in the compulsory health insurance market

In the context of increasing concentration in the medical services market, one of the key areas of the industry's development is expanding the opportunities for private medical organizations to participate in the MHI and developing competition between medical organizations participating in the MHI system. In the work the analysis of the competitive environment in the market of mandatory medical insurance for 2015-20018 years, the reasons to reduce insurance companies on the market of OMS over the years, as well as the consequences of this event, considered leaders by revenues and shares in the market during 2016-2018, the identified indicators of the level of concentration in these regions, the analysis of market OMS of the SFD identified the problematic aspects and ways of increasing the effectiveness of competition between health insurance organizations, the built Matrix porter services OMS, identified obstacles (obstructions), faced by entities when entering into the market of medical services in the MHI system.

The Factors of Influence on the Development of Voluntary Health Insurance

The article is aimed at studying the theoretical and practical aspects of factors influencing the development of voluntary health insurance (VHI) in Ukraine. The place and indicators of development of the health insurance market in Ukraine for 2012-2019 are researched. The dynamics of health insurance market indicators based on the amount of gross insurance premiums and payments is analyzed; it is proved that voluntary health insurance (continuous health insurance) is characterized by growth during the last five years. The factors that significantly influenced the development of the market and the current state of voluntary health insurance, in particular the COVID-19 pandemic, the economic crisis, high incidence rates of insured persons, the significant cost of an insurance medical policy, the lack of tax preferences for business regarding medical social packages and the lack of specialized educational institutions on the VHI, are determined. The classification of factors of influence on the development of voluntary health insurance according to the level of their occurrence is carried out, and it is determined that the following factors have the greatest force of influence on the VHI: deterioration of solvency of potential insurers; pricing in the medical market; excessive tax burden for legal entities. It is substantiated that the indisputable way of motivating the introduction of voluntary health insurance is to amend the tax legislation of Ukraine; micro insurance is proposed as a basis for the development of voluntary health insurance. Prospects for further research lie in the study of factors influencing the development of micro insurance in the country.

Development of regional market of corporate voluntary health insurance: The case of St. Petersburg

The paper discusses a pilot study aimed to identify the factors of development of the regional market for corporate voluntary health insurance in St. Petersburg during the period from 2015 to 2018. Based on the review of scientific works of Russian and foreign authors as well as the analysis of international experience, the key factors influencing the functioning of the corporate voluntary health insurance market are identified including the economic development of the region, demographic situation, changes in the labor market, accessibility of medical care, and personal characteristics of the insured. The results of quantitative modeling showed that the development of the corporate voluntary health insurance market in St. Petersburg is influenced by the factors related to the economic well-being of the region and the state of labor market. Such factors as the average per capita income of the population, the unemployment rate as well as the index of prices and tariffs for paid medical services turned out to be significant. In addition, a qualitative analysis of the demand for corporate voluntary health insurance was carried out. The analysis of a structured survey Russian and international companies managers proved the following assumptions: voluntary health insurance policies are more often offered to employees of large and medium-sized organizations operating mainly in Moscow and the Moscow region compared to companies whose main number of employees work in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region; international companies are more likely to provide voluntary health insurance policies to their employees than Russian ones. The study offers practical recommendations to stakeholders — the authorities, insurers and employers.

Current state of voluntary medical insurance in Ukraine

The current state of voluntary health insurance in Ukraine is analyzed in this paper. The place of voluntary medical insurance in the insurance market of Ukraine is determined. The essence, purpose, objectives, features, advantages and disadvantages of voluntary health insurance as one of the funding sources for medical sector are considered as well. The programs under which voluntary health insurance is currently implemented are listed, these are mainly personal and corporate ones. The main tendencies are investigated, relative indicators of the functioning level of voluntary health insurance market are calculated. The problems of voluntary health insurance are identified and measures for such insurance development in Ukraine are proposed. Our investigation is devoted, particularly, to the identification of the main problems in the development of voluntary health insurance in Ukraine. The authors investigated the availability of voluntary health insurance for population, analyzed the state of industry reforming in a certain period and substantiated the consequences of the reform impact on the voluntary health insurance market in Ukraine. The dynamics of the health insurance market indicators is analyzed on the basis of the size of gross insurance premiums and payments, as well as the calculated indicator - the insurance payments coefficient. In particular, insurance payments for voluntary health insurance in the regional context, by regions in individual insurance companies for a certain period of time are analyzed. The method of compiling the rating of insurers on the basis of insurance premiums and payments is proposed. It is determined that the level of medical services is growing, as well as the trust in voluntary health insurance in Ukraine. The main problems of the voluntary health insurance system functioning are highlighted and recommendations for improving the quality and availability of health insurance in Ukraine are proposed. These recommendations take into account a set of economic, legal and social factors of the insurance market development. Measures for state authorized bodies and private insurance companies that provide the extension of voluntary health insurance in Ukraine are proposed.