Short-Term Impacts of a Pay-it-Forward Livestock Transfer and Training Program in Nepal

This study evaluates the short-term impacts of a livestock transfer and training program in Nepal using an RCT with three treatments to capture differential effects of program components. We also evaluate a unique “pay it forward” program rule where recipients are encouraged to share newly acquired knowledge and accumulated wealth to other households in need. After 1.5 years, financial inclusion increases by 0.3 standard deviations and empowerment increases by 0.2 standard deviations among direct beneficiaries. “Pay it forward” impacts are of approximately the same magnitude as direct beneficiaries in the treatments that include encouragement to “pay it forward.”

KEDUDUKAN KETETAPAN MPR BERDASARKAN UU NO. 12 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN

MPR Decree in resettlement of legislation under the Constitution of 1945 on the basis of Law No. 12 Year 2011 cocerning formation of legislation gives rise to a variety of polemics in the position of the MPR as State institutions. Provisions of the MPR is considered to have urgency in Indonesia's system, because the MPR as State institutions is considered to still have the duty and the authority of its strategic, e.g: inauguration of President and Vice President, the establishment of the Constitution. MPR also made provisions as one of basic national legislation program. Keywords : MPR Decree, national legislation program, rule of law