Literature Review : Hubungan Tingkat Kontrol Asma Dengan Kualitas Hidup Penderita Asma

Knowledge is the result of knowing someone by sensing certain objects, sensing can occur through the five human sense, namely the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Good knowledge can couse good preventive behaviors. Early prevention is the only thing that can be done to avoid the recurrebce of asthma. The prevention is done to minimize the risk of asthma attacks. This literature review aimed to determine the correlation between knowledge about asthma and the prevention of recurrence of asthma. This literature Review accessed PUBMED by combining the keywords “Knowledge” and “Prevention Asthma”. Participants in this study were patients with asthma who had a P-Value of 0,000. The Results showed that there was a correlation between knowledge about asthma and efforts to prevent the recurrence of asthma. This study is expected to be a reference for hospitals or health centers to increase educational activities and knowledge about asthma.Keyword: Asthma Knowledge, Asthma Prevention AbstrakTingkat kontrol asma merupakan suatu tingkatan pengamatan manifestasi asma pada penderita asma atau berkurangnya maupun menghilangnya penyakit asma melalui pengobatan. Tingkat kontrol asma terbagi atas terkontrol penuh, terkontrol sebagian, dan tidak terkontrol. Pengklasifikasian tersebut memudahkan dalam mengetahui derajat berat dan ringannya penyakit asma serta untuk mengetahui respon terapi. Penyakit asma memberikan dampak negatif terhadap kualitas hidup penderita asma. Dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan antara lain terganggunya aktivitas sehari-hari, tidak dapat mengikuti pelajaran sekolah, tidak kuat untuk melakukan kegiatan olahraga, dan hilangnya hari kerja bagi penderita asma yang bekerja di kantor. Kontrol asma berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup. Semakin buruk kontrol asma, maka kualitas hidup akan semakin menurun. Literature Riview ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui hubungan tingkat kontrol asma dengan kualitas hidup pasien asma. Literature review dilakukan dengan menggunakan artikel yang bersumber dari database online yaitu PubMed, Garuda dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci “Asthma AND Asthma control level”, “Quality of life”, “Tingkat kontrol asma”, dan “Kualitas hidup” dengan batasan 5 tahun terakhir. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan tingkat kontrol asma dengan kualitas hidup penderita asma. Tingkat kontrol asma salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien asma.Kata Kunci: Asma, Tingkat kontrol asma, Kualitas hidup.

Literature Review : Hubungan Pengetahuan Asma dengan Upaya Pencegahan Kekambuhan pada Penderita Asma

Knowledge is the result of knowing someone by sensing certain objects, sensing can occur through the five human sense, namely the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Good knowledge can couse good preventive behaviors. Early prevention is the only thing that can be done to avoid the recurrebce of asthma. The prevention is done to minimize the risk of asthma attacks. This literature review aimed to determine the correlation between knowledge about asthma and the prevention of recurrence of asthma. This literature Review accessed PUBMED by combining the keywords “Knowledge” and “Prevention Asthma”. Participants in this study were patients with asthma who had a P-Value of 0,000. The Results showed that there was a correlation between knowledge about asthma and efforts to prevent the recurrence of asthma. This study is expected to be a reference for hospitals or health centers to increase educational activities and knowledge about asthma.Keyword: Asthma Knowledge, Asthma Prevention AbstrakPengetahuan merupakan hasil dari tahu seseorang dengan cara melakukan penginderaan terhadap obyek tertentu, penginderaan dapat terjadi melalui panca indra manusia yaitu dengan indra penglihatan, pendengaran, penciuman, rasa dan raba. Pengetahuan yang baik maka perilaku pencegahan juga akan baik. Pencegahan sejak dini merupakan satu-satunya hal yang bisa dilakukan untuk menghindari terjadinya penyakit asma, pencegahan dilakukan untuk memperkecil risiko terjadinya serangan asma. Literature Riview ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan tentang asma dengan upaya pencegahan kekambuhan pada penderita asma. Literature Review ini mengakses database melalui PUBMED dengan mengkombinasikan kata kunci ‘’Knowledge’’ AND ‘’Prevention Asthma’’. Partisipan pada studi ini adalah pasien dengan penderita asma yang didapatkan P-Value 0,000, diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode melalui cross sectional. Hasil Literature Review ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan pengetahuan tentang penyakit asma dengan upaya pencegahan kekambuhan penderita asma.Studi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi pihak Rumah Sakit atau Puskesmas untuk meningkatkan kegiatan terhadap pendidikan serta pengetahuan tentang penyakit asma.Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan Asma, Pencegahan Asma

Development of a conceptual model of childhood asthma to inform asthma prevention policies

BackgroundThere is no definitive cure for asthma, as prevention remains a major goal. Decision analytic models are routinely used to evaluate the value-for-money proposition of interventions. Following best practice standards in decision-analytic modelling, the objective of this study was to solicit expert opinion to develop a concept map for a policy model for primary prevention of asthma.MethodsWe reviewed currently available decision analytic models for asthma prevention. A steering committee of economic modellers, allergists and respirologists was then convened to draft a conceptual model of paediatric asthma. A modified Delphi method was followed to define the context of the problem at hand (evaluation of asthma prevention strategies) and develop the concept map of the model.ResultsConsensus was achieved after three rounds of discussions, followed by concealed voting. In the final conceptual model, asthma diagnosis was based on three domains of lung function, atopy and their symptoms. The panel recommended several markers for each domain. These domains were in turn affected by several risk factors. The panel clustered all risk factors under three groups of ‘patient characteristic’, ‘family history’ and ‘environmental factors’. To be capable of modelling the interplay among risk factors, the panel recommended the use of microsimulation, with an open-population approach that would enable modelling phased implementation and gradual and incomplete uptake of the intervention.ConclusionsEconomic evaluation of childhood interventions for preventing asthma will require modelling of several codependent risk factors and multiple domains that affect the diagnosis. The conceptual model can inform the development and validation of a policy model for childhood asthma prevention.

The Burden of Childhood Asthma by Age Group, 1990-2019: A Systematic Analysis for Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Data

Background: Asthma is a common respiratory disease in children. We aimed to update information about incidence of and mortality and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) due to childhood asthma and provide evidence-based recommendations for childhood asthma prevention.Methods Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study, which was conducted from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries. First, we estimated the incidence, mortality and DALY rates of childhood asthma with a Bayesian meta-regression model. Second, we analyzed the relationship between the sociodemographic index (SDI) and DALYs in different age groups. Third, we studied changes in the trends of the age-standardized DALY rate between 1990 and 2019 by age group, SDI, and risk factors.Results Globally, the numbers of deaths due to and the incidence and DALY rates of childhood asthma were 12.9 thousand (95% UI 10.6 to 15.7), 22 million (95% UI 15 to 31), and 5.1 million (95% UI 3.4 to 7.5) in 2019, representing 65.1% (95% UI 47.6 to 72.4), 5.3% (95% UI 2.6 to 8.8) and 30% (95% UI 18 to 41) decreases from those in 1990, respectively. With the exception of high-SDI regions, the age-standardized DALY rate in all age groups in all SDI regions decreased. In 2019, the age-standardized DALY rate in 1- to 4-year-olds was highest in low-SDI regions, and that of 5- to 19-year-olds was highest in high-SDI regions. In contrast to those in low-SDI regions, children, except those aged 1 to 4 years, in high-SDI regions had a higher risk of DALYs due to asthma. A high body mass index was a stronger risk factor than occupational asthmagens for childhood asthma.Conclusion Our findings provide insights into asthma prevention and treatment through the identification of key factors related to childhood asthma. Children, especially those aged 5 to 14 years, in high-SDI regions should change their eating and lifestyle habits and exercise regularly. Data on additional chronic diseases in children need to be collected to develop better health prevention recommendations.

Development of a Conceptual Model of Childhood Asthma to Inform Asthma Prevention Policies

BackgroundThere is no definitive cure for asthma; as such, prevention remains a major goal. Decision-analytic models are routinely used to evaluate the value-for-money proposition of interventions. Following best practice standards in decision-analytic modeling, the objective of this study was to solicit expert opinion to develop a concept map for a policy model for primary prevention of asthma.MethodsWe reviewed currently available decision-analytic models for asthma prevention. A steering committee of economic modelers, allergists, and respirologists was then convened to draft a conceptual model of pediatric asthma. A modified Delphi method was followed to define the context of the problem at hand (evaluation of asthma prevention strategies) and develop the concept map of the model.ResultsConsensus was achieved after three rounds of discussions, followed by concealed voting. In the final conceptual model, asthma diagnosis was based on three domains of lung function, atopy, and their symptoms. The panel recommended several markers for each domain. These domains were in turn affected by several risk factors. The panel clustered all risk factors under three groups of ‘patient characteristic’, ‘family history’, and ‘environmental factors’. To be capable of modeling the interplay among risk factors, the panel recommended the use of microsimulation, with an open-population approach that would enable modeling phased implementation and gradual and incomplete uptake of the intervention.ConclusionsEconomic evaluation of childhood interventions for preventing asthma will require modeling of several co-dependent risk factors and multiple domains that affect the diagnosis. The conceptual model can inform the development and validation of a policy model for childhood asthma prevention.FundingGenome Canada Large-Scale Applied Research Project

Theoretical asthma self-management program for Taiwanese adolescents with self-efficacy, outcome-expectancy, health behavior, and asthma symptoms: A randomized controlled trial

Background: The asthma prevalence of Taiwanese adolescents is continued to rise and affecting sufferers’ daily life. With physical and psychological changes in adolescents, managing asthma can be quite challenges for them and could lead to negative social, emotional and physical impacts if not well managed. Literature found that adolescents with high levels of self-efficacy are more likely to be involved in prevention and management activities. The aim of this study was to develop an effective asthma self-management program by taking account for adolescents’ developmental stages and based on Bandura’s self-efficacy model for this group of young people. Methods: A randomised controlled trial was used to evaluate effects of the newly developed Asthma Self-management Program for Taiwanese adolescents. The outcomes were self-efficacy, outcome-expectancy, asthma prevention and self-management behaviour, and controlling asthma symptoms. Translation and back-translation process were used for original tools in English. Good consistent reliabilities of Chinese versions tools were identified. A t-test or Mann-Whiney U test was employed to determine any mean differences of outcome variables between groups overtime. Results: A sample of 83 patients completed (n = 43 in control group, n = 40 in experimental group) the study. The mean age was 14.3 years (SD = 1.85), two-third of the participants were males. Seventy-six percent (n = 68) had a mild to intermittent level of asthma severity. Significant improvements were found on self-efficacy, t = -2.75; outcome-expectancy, U = 646, prevention behaviours, t = -3.62, and management behaviours, t = -3.19, but non-significant results for the outcome of asthma control, U = 716. Conclusions: The results provide evidence to support the efficacy of the asthma self-management program based on the self-efficacy model that has taken considerations of developmental phases. The findings indicated the self-management program improved adolescents’ self-confidence in carrying out asthma prevention and management behaviours for effectively manage their asthma symptoms. Future clinical practice should consider delivering an educational program using multifaceted and interactive learning strategies.