Efek Abscopal pada Kombinasi Radioterapi dan Imunoterapi

Radioterapi atau terapi radiasi merupakan salah satu prosedur medis lokal regional yang digunakan untuk menangani penyakit kanker. Bukti menunjukkan bahwa radiasi juga mampu memicu sistem imunitas tubuh dan hal ini berkontribusi pada efek abscopal, yang dapat didefinisikan sebagai "respons yang diperantarai oleh sistem imun pada jarak yang jauh dari volume atau target radiasi." Meskipun regresi tumor abscopal masih tetap merupakan peristiwa langka dalam praktik radioterapi, peningkatan jumlah kasus dilaporkan terutama sejak implementasi klinis agen imunoterapi. Beberapa hal terkait radiasi seperti regimen radiasi, biological equivalent dose/BED dan luas lapangan radiasi diketahui mampu memengaruhi efek abscopal

Hyperfractionated Thermoradiotherapy Is More Effective and Less Invasive Than Radiation or Chemoradiation in Heatable Cancers: A Meta-Analysis

HTRT consists of daily hyperthermia treatments in conjunction with each radiation fraction. Radiation daily doses are progressively decreased from 180 to 100 cGy resulting in protracted treatment time that decreases the isoeffect biological equivalent dose by 15% to 25%. This decrease is compensated by the increased number of hyperthermia fractions which potentiates each radiation dose. Treatment is continued until an objective complete response is attained, or failure determined. Sixty breast patients, 35 head and neck, and 25 prostate patients were treated with a followup of two to five years. All patients were early stage (less than III). HTRT proved to be less toxic and more effective than radiation or chemoradiation therapies.