Comparison of Different Sepsis Scoring Systems and Pathways: qSOFA, SIRS, Shapiro Criteria and CEC SEPSIS KILLS Pathway in Bacteraemic and Non-Bacteraemic Patients Presenting To The Emergency Department

Background Bacteraemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality, with delayed antibiotic treatment associated with poorer outcomes. Early identification is challenging, but clinically important. Multiple scoring systems have been developed to identify individuals in the broader categories of sepsis. We designed this study to assess the performance of existing scoring systems and pathways - CEC SEPSIS KILLS pathway, quick sequential organ failure score (qSOFA), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the Shapiro criteria. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study performed in two metropolitan hospitals in NSW, consisting of adult patients (>18 years) with positive blood cultures containing a true pathogen and patients matched by age without positive blood cultures. Performance (sensitivity, specificity, and mortality prediction) of recognised sepsis and bacteraemia criteria and pathways - qSOFA, SIRS, Shapiro criteria and CEC SEPSIS KILLS pathway in the first 4 hours following ED triage was assessed. Results There were 251 patients in each cohort. Sepsis-related mortality was higher in the bacteraemic group (OR 0.4, p=0.03). Of the criteria studied, the modified Shapiro criteria had the highest sensitivity (88%) with modest specificity (37.85%), and qSOFA had the highest specificity (83.67%) with poor sensitivity (19.82%). SIRS had reasonable sensitivity (82.07%), with poor sensitivity (20.72%). The CEC SEPSIS pathway sensitivity of 70.1% and specificity of 71.1%. The SEPSIS KILLS was activated on only 14% of bacteraemic patients. Conclusion The performance of all scoring systems and pathways was suboptimal in the identification of patients at risk of bacteraemia presenting to the emergency department.

Perbandingan Sensitivitas dan Spesifisitas Lung Organ Failure Score (LOFS) dan Thoracic Trauma Severity Score (TTSS) terhadap Pemakaian Ventilator pada Pasien Trauma Multipel disertai Trauma Tumpul Toraks

Latar Belakang: Trauma multipel adalah cedera pada dua atau lebih sistem organ yang mengancam jiwa dan memerlukan perawatan di ruang ICU yang tersedia monitor, tenaga medis terampil, dan ventilator bila diperlukan. Namun ruang ICU tidak selalu ada, sehingga sebagian pasien akan dirawat di ruang HCU dan rawat biasa. Trauma multipel yang disertai trauma toraks akan meningkatkan mortalitas dan morbiditas. Penilaian awal serta tatalaksana harus dilaksanakan dengan akurat dan secepat mungkin. Penggunaan skor trauma dapat membantu untuk menentukan risiko gagal napas. Dengan mengetahui perbandingan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas skor LOFS dan TTSS, klinisi dapat mengetahui risiko gagal napas yang memerlukan ventilator. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian yang bersifat prospektif observasional untuk menilai perbandingan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas skor LOFS dan TTSS pada pasien trauma multipel yang disertai trauma tumpul toraks. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien yang masuk ke IGD RSUP DR. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode 1 Januari 2017 – 31 Maret 2018 dengan metode simple random sampling. Pasien dilakukan survei primer dan dilakukan resusitasi, kemudian dinilai skor LOFS dan TTSS. Hasil: Terdapat 83 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Rancangan penelitian dirancang secara cross sectional. Analisis data memakai kurva ROC ( Receiver Operating Characteristic ). Trauma toraks yang paling sering terjadi adalah kontusio paru sebesar 74,7% dengan trauma penyerta terbanyak adalah trauma kepala sebanyak 54,4%. Prevalensi pemakaian ventilator dengan perawatan ruang ICU sebesar 25,3%. Skor LOFS memilki sensitivitas 85,1% dan spesifisitas 94,4%. Sedangkan skor TTSS memiliki nilai sensitivitas 83,3% dan spesifisitas 77,8%. Simpulan: Skor LOFS memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan skor TTSS dan bermakna secara statistik.

Comparison of mannheim peritonitis index and revised multiple organ failure score in predicting mortality and morbidity of patients with secondary peritonitis

Background: Secondary peritonitis carries high mortality and morbidity. Many scoring systems have been designed to assess its severity. This study was undertaken to compare the Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI) and revised multiple organ failure score (Revised MOFS) in predicting the mortality and morbidity.Methods: A prospective observational study was undertaken in adults operated for gastrointestinal perforation. Clinical and biochemical parameters as required for MPI and Revised MOFS were recorded. Each of the scores were divided under four categories; MPI <14, 14-21, 22-29 and >29; Revised MOFS 0, 1, 2 and >2. Data was compared for predicting mortality and morbidity. P-value, ROC curve and 95% CI were used as statistical tools.Results: Two thirds of 120 patients studied presented after 48 hours. MPI score of <14, 14-21, 21-29 and >29 had mortality of 0%, 2.2%, 27.2% and 50% respectively. ROC curve showed highest sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 70% respectively at MPI of 25. Significant value for mortality was obtained with MPI >25 (p= 0.000012) and with Revised MOFS >1 (p< 0.001); for morbidity with MPI >21 (p= 0.010) and with Revised MOFS >1 (p< 0.001). 20% patients with Revised MOFS zero were also morbid.Conclusions: Both MPI and Revised MOFS systems are good in predicting the mortality, but MPI is easy scoring system and a better option for predicting morbidity. MPI score >25 for mortality and >21 for morbidity are significant.