From Lula to Bolsonaro: The Crisis of Neodevelopmentalism in Brazil

Examination of the rise of Bolsonaro in Brazil shows that, since 2013, neodevelopmentalism has been shattered in all its dimensions—a true crisis of hegemony that has led to a reconfiguration of power relations and the end of the state cycle that began in 1988. Calculating the depth of the collapse produced in the previous phase is essential in reflecting on the current situation. Un análisis del ascenso de Bolsonaro en Brasil muestra cómo, a partir de 2013, el neodesarrollismo se ha resquebrajado en todas sus dimensiones—una verdadera crisis de hegemonía que ha llevado a una reconfiguración de las relaciones de fuerza y al cierre del ciclo estatal comenzado en 1988. Dimensionar la profundidad del quiebre que se ha producido en la etapa anterior es una tarea fundamental para poder reflexionar sobre la situación actual.

Implementasi Pendekatan Saintifik Dalam Meningkatkan Pengenalan Tanaman Pada Anak-Anak Kelompok A Di TK Yudistira Kumara II Sembung Kecamatan Mengwi Kabupaten Badung

Early childhood is a sensitive period or golden age, where there is rapid development so that teachers must be smart in choosing a learning approach so that learning objectives can be achieved properly, one of which is a scientific approach. The implementation of the scientific approach is intended to provide understanding to students in recognizing, understanding various materials using a scientific approach, that information can come from anywhere, not depending on unidirectional information from the teacher. Scientific learning teaches children to find new knowledge, solve problems, think critically and create creativity so that it helps them understand the environment, especially plants, collect and process information as the basic keys for children to think broadly. Therefore the expected learning conditions are directed to encourage students to find out from various sources through observation, and not just being told. The theory used to analyze the problem is Piaget's theory of cognitivism. This research is a classroom action research with the method of documentation, observation and interviews from the implementation of the cycle, the observation method is carried out using an observation format which includes three indicators including, indicator I: mentioning the kinds of plants, indicator II: counting and classifying the kinds of plants according to type III indicator: distinguishing parts, types and forms of plants and mentioning the color of the plant. The results of the observations obtained from the learning outcomes in each cycle were analyzed quantitatively with descriptive statistics using the percentage technique. The subjects of this research were the children of group A TK Yudistira Kumara II Sembung. The results showed that with a scientific approach it could improve the ability to recognize plants in group A in TK Yudistira Kumara II Sembung. The percentage of the initial state, cycle I and cycle II shows an increase. The results of research on the implementation of the scientific approach in improving plant recognition were resolved in Cycle II and the research was successful

Capturing structural changes of photosystem II using time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography with proper flash excitations

Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes light-induced water oxidation through an Si-state cycle, leading to the generation of di-oxygen, protons, and electrons. Pump-probe time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography (TR-SFX) has been used to capture intermediate states of light-driven enzymatic reactions. In this approach, it is crucial to avoid contamination of light into the samples when analyzing a particular reaction intermediate. Here, we describe a method for determining a proper light condition that avoids light contamination to the PSII microcrystals while minimizing the sample consumption in TR-SFX. With the proper illumination conditions determined, we analyzed the S2-state structure of PSII at room temperature, revealing the structural changes during the S1-to-S2 transition at an ambient temperature. By comparing with the previous studies performed at a low temperature or with a different delay time, we reveal the possible channels for water inlet and proton egress, as well as structural changes important for the water-splitting reaction.

Improving the Gordon-Ng Model and Analyzing Thermodynamic Parameters to Evaluate Performance in a Water-Cooled Centrifugal Chiller

The Gordon-Ng models are tools that have been used to estimate and evaluate the performance of various types of chillers for several years. A 550 TR centrifugal chiller plant facility was available to collect data from July and September 2018. The authors propose rearranging variables of the traditional (GNU) model based on average electric consumption and through a thermodynamic analysis comparable to the original model. Furthermore, assumptions are validated. Then, by estimation of the parameters of the new model using least square fitting with field training data and comparing to the GNU model and Braun model (based on consumption), it was shown that the proposed model provides a better prediction in order to evaluate consumption of a centrifugal chiller in regular operation, by improving the coefficient of variation (CV), CV = 3.24% and R2 = 92.52% for a filtered sub-data. Through an algorithm built from steady-state cycle analysis, physical parameters (Sgen, Qleak,eq, R) were estimated to compare with the same parameters obtained by regression to check the influence of the interception term in the model. It was found that without an interception term, the estimated parameters achieve relative errors (ER) below 20%. Additional comparison between external and internal power prediction is shown, with CV = 3.57 % and mean relative error (MRE) of 2.7%, achieving better accuracy than GNU and Braun model.