Introducing the brief version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-14) based on a large clinical sample

Theoretical background: The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) is a measurement tool that is commonly used to detect dysfunctional beliefs contributing to the emergence and onset of depressive symptoms. Although it has been primarily used for testing clinical populations, and various forms of the scale have been created, only a small body of literature has proved its psychometric adequacy on a clinical sample. Goals: Therefore, the current study aims to construct an updated, reliable and brief version of the DAS. Methods: For this purpose, besides the normal samples of adolescents (n = 195) and adults (n = 270), a heterogeneous clinical sample (n = 1077) was involved in cross-sectional research. Results: The overall results of parallel analysis and exploratory factor analysis suggested a bifactor structure with a general factor and three extracted subfactors (Dependence, Perfectionism and Entitlement), comprising 14 items altogether (χ2 = 157.26, DF = 63, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.970, TLI = 0.957, RMSEA = 0.036, RMSEA CI90 = 0.029–0.044). Convergent validity was tested by correlations with Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.36, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study was based on the largest clinical sample in the field of psychometric analysis of the DAS so far. The findings suggest that DAS14 as a brief version of the original DAS has good psychometric properties, and it can be widely used as a measurement tool in the assessment of mood disorders.Elméleti háttér: A Diszfunkcionális Attitűd Skála (DAS) egy olyan pszichológiai kérdőíves eljárás, amely azon diszfunkcionális hiedelmek mérésére alkalmas, amelyek hozzájárulnak a depresszív tünetek kialakulásához és fennmaradásához. Annak ellenére, hogy már számos változata létezik és elsődleges használati területét a klinikai populáció jelenti, pszichometriai mutatóit klinikai mintán a kutatások szűk köre vizsgálta. Cél: Jelen tanulmány célja a DAS aktualizálása, rövidítése, megbízhatóságának és validitásának vizsgálata. Módszer: Keresztmetszeti kérdőíves vizsgálatunk keretében egészséges serdülő (n = 195) és felnőtt (n = 270) minta mellett heterogén klinikai mintát (n = 1077) alkalmaztunk. Eredmények: A parallelelemzés és a feltáró faktoranalízis eredményei a bifaktoros struktúrát igazolják. A 14 itemre egy általános és három alfaktor (Dependencia, Perfekcionizmus és Elvárások) illeszthető (χ2 = 157,26, DF = 63, p < 0.001; CFI = 0,970; TLI = 0,957; RMSEA = 0,036, RMSEA 90% CI = 0.029 – 0.044). A skála konvergens validitását a Beck Depresszió Kérdőívvel való korrelációja alátámasztja (r = 0,36;p < 0,001). Konklúzió: A DAS pszichometriai vizsgálatai közül ez idáig alkalmazott legnagyobb klinikai elemszámú vizsgálatát mutatja be a ta nulmány. Az eredmények alapján a DAS rövidített változata, a DAS-14 megfelelő pszicho metriai tulajdonságokkal rendelkezik alkalmazható a hangulatzavarok diagnosz tikájában.

ADAPTATION AU COLLÉGIAL ET VULNÉRABILITÉS DURANT LA TRANSITION SECONDAIRE-COLLÉGIAL

Cette étude longitudinale examine si l’adaptation au collège des étudiants est influencée par la présence des vulnérabilités cognitives et des symptômes dépressifs avant et pendant cette transition. Deux cent onze étudiants ont complété les versions françaises des questionnaires Beck Depression Inventory — Second Edition, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale et Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire. En 1re année au collège, 6,2 % des étudiants de l’échantillon rapportent présenter des symptômes dépressifs modérés à sévères. Malgré le nombre plus élevé d’étudiantes dépressives, les résultats n’indiquent aucune différence reliée au genre quant à l’adaptation académique et sociale. Lors des deux années au collège, la présence de certaines distorsions cognitives et de symptômes dépressifs contribue à prédire ces formes d’adaptation. Une discussion des résultats est présentée.

Relationship between BMI, overweight preoccupation, dysfunctional attitude and social avoidance

Adolescents generally have egocentrism. They always believe that they are the centre of attraction everywhere. This leads to their worries regarding their body weight and shape. This paper explores different correlates of body image in adolescents. The data was collected from a total of 397 adolescents. On the basis of BMI, this sample was then divided into three groups: underweight, normal weight and overweight. Tools used to study these variables included Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale and Social Avoidance Scale. After collecting data one way ANOVA and correlation was computed. Results revealed that there were significant differences between the groups on social avoidance and dysfunctional attitudes. Underweight people are more socially avoidant in comparison to overweight and normal weight people. Underweight people also had low scores on Dysfunctional attitude (social approval, avoidance and dependency) in comparison to normal weight people. Overweight preoccupation is positively correlated to social avoidance and negatively related to dysfunctional attitudes social approval. BMI is negatively related to social avoidance and positively related with Dysfunctional attitude (dependency, avoidance, social approval). Social avoidance is negatively related with dysfunctional attitudes.

Psychometric Properties of the Revised and Abbreviated form of the Turkish Version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale

Dysfunctional attitudes are considered to be important risk factors in the onset and maintenance of depression. Thus, a psychometrically reliable and valid measure is necessary for understanding depression. The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) is widely used and has good psychometric properties, but there is no consensus about its factor structure. To examine its psychometric properties and factor structure, a total of 885 individuals consisting of patients with depression and healthy controls were evaluated. After the sample was randomly divided into two subsets, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Then the DAS was abbreviated according to the factor profiles and theoretical background. Analyses indicated two factors, named Perfectionism/Achievement and Need for Approval/Dependency for the revised DAS . Reliability analyses revealed a good internal consistency, and the concurrent validity indicated significant correlations with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire.

Dysfunctional Attitude and Self-Blame: Effect on Self-Esteem and Self-Conscious Emotions among Adolescents

The present studied investigated the effect of dysfunctional attitude and self-blame on self-esteem and self-conscious emotions (shame and guilt) among adolescents. 122 adolescents between 15-19 years were taken in for the study. They were students of 11th and 12th standard of various public and private schools of Patiala. All the participants were given Child and Adolescent Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (CADAS), Attribution Blame Questionnaire (ABQ), Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEI), Test of Self Conscious Affect- Adolescents (TOSCA-A). Results showed that adolescents high on dysfunctional attitude are low on self esteem and high on shame whereas adolescents high on self-blame were also low on self-esteem and high on shame. The study also shows interaction between dysfunctional attitudes and self-blame.

Program Bantu Diri Terapi Kognitif Perilaku: Harapan bagi Penderita Depresi

This article is the first-phased report of a research through a testing of cognitive behavioral therapy module. The subjects involved in this research were 27 students who were experiencing mild to moderate depression. The research design was experiment with a pretest and posttest group. Instruments used in this study were Back Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Automatic Thought Questionnaire (ATQ), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS). The data was analized using paired t-test. Based on qualitative analysis, the results showed that in general it was easy for the students to understand and do the module independently. This module was very helpful for them in managing thoughts and feelings and specifically in the automatic negative thoughts, dysfunctional thinking, and rules. Nevertheless, this module did not cover the core belief. The results of the t test (t (25)=9.2; p

A Psychological Study of Relationship between Dysfunctional Attitude and Self-Esteem in Committing Suicide

Suicide is the act or an instance of taking one's own life voluntarily and intentionally especially by a person who has no aim to continue his/her life. This study is concerned with the case of suicide who wanted to kill herself by means of a bowl of liquid (combination of pesticide, oil and some drugs) with the symptom of low self-esteem. in the case of methodology, The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) is used to measure the attitude of the subject. Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory is also used for measurement of self-esteem of the subject. Also some interviews were conducted with the subjects' school teachers and family. The results of the study show that the subject has low self–esteem and her cognitive misunderstandings are higher than normal. This study also confirms that high cognitive misunderstandings as well as low self-esteem causes suicide.