Formation of Silver Nanoparticles in PVA-PEG Hydrogel under Electron Irradiation

The formation of silver nanoparticles in a hydrogel on the basis of polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol at its crosslinking under the electron irradiation has been studied using the optical spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. The growth of nanoparticles 40–70 nm in size and their clustering into aggregates about a few hundred nanometers in diameter are demonstrated. The total concentration of nanoparticles and their size correlate with the concentration of ionic silver in the initial solution and the electron irradiation dose. The formation of nanoparticles is interpreted as a result of the radiation-induced chemical reduction of silver in the solution that is spatially confined in the cells of a 3D microstructure in the crosslinked hydrogel. The radiation-crosslinked hydrogel demonstrates an antiseptic effect for 7 of 8 tested microorganisms at silver concentrations of 0.001–0.003 wt.%, which is at least an order of magnitude lower than effective concentrations of ionic and colloidal silvers.

Change of Micromechanical Properties of Polyethylene Induced by a Tribological Process in Polymer/Metal System

The influence of a tribological process in the polymer/metal system on changes in microhardness (H) and Young’s modulus (E) of the surface under friction and UHMWPE volume has been studied. Twelve samples of polyethylene characterized by a different degree of initial plastic deformation and different electron irradiation dose were analyzed. For four of the samples a decrease by 5÷10 times in polyethylene degradation has been found. This result is promising in that a prolonged durability can be expected in case of application for endoprostheses acetabular cups. It has been found also that a polyethylene material irradiated after initial prestraining only once shows enhanced micromechanical properties after friction. It has been found that this result was due to reorientation of lamellas on the friction surface taking place during deformation which accompanies the tribological process. It has been proved that the increase of H and E values in the layers situated at a depth of 1.5 mm÷7.5 mm is due to a decrease of the free volume centers in the UHMWPE polyethylene and to an increase of the degree of spatial arrangement of the structure (absorption in crystallinity band of FTIR spectrum).