PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ORNITHOBACTERIOSIS IN ORNAMENTAL PIGEONS

The paper presents the results of the study of pathomorphological changes in organs in ornithobacteriosis in decorative pigeons with the establishment of the underlying disease, including the pathological signs associated and pathognomonic for the disease. The objects of the study were the corpses of fallen pigeons of the English postal and peacock breeds, at the age of 2-3 years, kept in a private farm on the territory of the Yemelyanovskiy district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Bacteriological examination of the material revealed the causative agent of ornithobacteriosis (Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale), and the causative agent of colibacillosis (Escherichia coli) was also found in 70,0 % of cases. In 70 % of the individuals, a complication was observed in the form of colibacillosis, characterized by serous-catarrhal gastroenterocolitis, spleen hyperplasia, and serous polyarthritis, to the underlying disease. The features of ornithobacterial infection in pigeons include the absence of pronounced serous-inflammatory edema of soft tissues in the head area, signs of serous-fibrinous aerosacculitis and the onset of the disease in birds of the older age group (2-5 years).

An assessment of morphological and pathological changes in paravertebral muscle degeneration using imaging and histological analysis: a cross-sectional study

Background The high signal of paravertebral muscle (PVM) on T2-weighted image (T2WI) is usually considered to be fatty degeneration. However, it is difficult to distinguish inflammatory edema from fatty degeneration on T2WI. The purpose of this study was to identify different types of PVM high signal in patients with low back pain (LBP) through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology. Methods Seventy patients with LBP underwent MRI. The signal change of multifidus both on T2WI and fat suppression image (FSI) was quantified by Image J. Furthermore, 25 of the 70 patients underwent surgery for degenerative lumbar disease and their multifidus were obtained during the operation. Histological analysis of the samples was performed by HE staining. Result Three types of PVM signal changes were identified from the MRI. Type 1 (n = 36) indicated fatty degeneration characterized by a high signal on T2WI and low signal on FSI. High signal on both T2WI and FSI, signifying type 2 meant inflammatory edema (n = 9). Type 3 (n = 25) showed high signal on T2WI and partial signal suppression on FSI, which meant a combination of fatty degeneration and inflammatory edema. Histological results were consistent with MRI. Among the 25 patients who underwent surgery, type 1 (n = 14) showed adipocytes infiltration, type 2 (n = 3) showed inflammatory cells infiltration and type 3 (n = 8) showed adipocytes and inflammatory cells infiltration. Conclusion From our results, there are three types of pathological changes in patients with PVM degeneration, which may help to decide on targeted treatments for LBP.

Acute Effects of Foam Rolling on Hamstrings After Half-Marathon: A Muscle Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Purpose: Foam rolling (FR) is widely used for post-exercise muscle recovery; yet, the effects of FR on skeletal muscle inflammation and microvascular perfusion following prolonged exercise are poorly understood. We aim to address the gap in knowledge by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 mapping and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) sequences to study the acute effects of FR on hamstrings following half-marathon running in recreational runners.Methods: Sixteen healthy recreational marathon runners were recruited. After half-marathon running, FR was performed on the hamstrings on the dominant side, while the other limb served as a control. MRI T2 and IVIM scans were performed bilaterally at baseline (pre-run), 2–3 h after running (post-run), immediately after FR (post-FR0), 30 min after FR (post-FR30) and 60 min after FR (post-FR60). T2, a marker for inflammatory edema, as well as IVIM microvascular perfusion fraction index f for biceps femoris long head (BFL), semitendinosus (ST) and semimembranosus (SM) were determined. Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale score was also collected.Results: Both T2 and f were higher at post-run compared to pre-run in all hamstrings on both sides (all p < 0.05; all d > 1.0). For the FR side, T2 decreased, and f increased significantly at post-FR0 and post-FR30 compared to post-run in all muscles (p < 0.05; all d > 0.4) except for f at BFL and SM at post-FR30 (both p > 0.05), though f at BFL was still marginally elevated at post-FR30 (p = 0.074, d = 0.91). Both parameters for all muscles returned to post-run level at post-FR60 (all p > 0.05; all d < 0.4) except for T2 at SM (p = 0.037). In contrast, most MRI parameters were not changed at post-FR0, post-FR30 and post-FR60 compared to post-run for the control side (p < 0.05; d < 0.2). TQR scores were elevated at post-FR0 and post-FR30 compared to post-run (both p < 0.05; both d > 1.0), and returned to the post-run level at post-FR60 (p > 0.99; d = 0.09). Changes in TQR scores compared to post-run at any time points after FR were correlated to T2 for ST at post-FR30 (r = 0.50, p = 0.047) but not T2 for other muscles and any changes in f values.Conclusions: Hamstrings inflammatory edema and microvascular perfusion were elevated following half-marathon running, which were detectable with MRI T2 mapping and IVIM sequences. FR resulted in acute alleviation in inflammation and greater microvascular perfusion; however, the effects seemed to last only for a short period of time (30–60 min). FR can provide short-term benefits to skeletal muscle after prolonged running.

Consequences of SUR2[A478V] Mutation in Skeletal Muscle of Murine Model of Cantu Syndrome

(1) Background: Cantu syndrome (CS) arises from gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the ABCC9 and KCNJ8 genes, which encode ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel subunits SUR2 and Kir6.1, respectively. Most CS patients have mutations in SUR2, the major component of skeletal muscle KATP, but the consequences of SUR2 GOF in skeletal muscle are unknown. (2) Methods: We performed in vivo and ex vivo characterization of skeletal muscle in heterozygous SUR2[A478V] (SUR2wt/AV) and homozygous SUR2[A478V] (SUR2AV/AV) CS mice. (3) Results: In SUR2wt/AV and SUR2AV/AV mice, forelimb strength and diaphragm amplitude movement were reduced; muscle echodensity was enhanced. KATP channel currents recorded in Flexor digitorum brevis fibers showed reduced MgATP-sensitivity in SUR2wt/AV, dramatically so in SUR2AV/AV mice; IC50 for MgATP inhibition of KATP currents were 1.9 ± 0.5 × 10−5 M in SUR2wt/AV and 8.6 ± 0.4 × 10−6 M in WT mice and was not measurable in SUR2AV/AV. A slight rightward shift of sensitivity to inhibition by glibenclamide was detected in SUR2AV/AV mice. Histopathological and qPCR analysis revealed atrophy of soleus and tibialis anterior muscles and up-regulation of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA in CS mice. (4) Conclusions: SUR2[A478V] “knock-in” mutation in mice impairs KATP channel modulation by MgATP, markedly so in SUR2AV/AV, with atrophy and non-inflammatory edema in different skeletal muscle phenotypes.

The study of the anti-inflammatory properties of carotenoid liquid extracts on the model of adjuvant-induced inflammation

The search for new anti-inflammatory substances is an important area of pharmacology. Plant carotenoids have many positive biological effects and are of interest as potential anti-inflammatory agents. The aim. To study the anti-inflammatory properties of extractive carotenoids from fruits of Capsicum annuum L. on the model of adjuvant-induced inflammation. Materials and methods. The fruits of Capsicum annuum L. were used as the plant raw material. Carotenoids were obtained by the extractive method. The model of adjuvant-induced inflammation was reproduced in young female rats. The dynamics of changes in the volume of the inflammatory edema and the total number of blood leukocytes were studied. Results and discussion. A decrease in edema in nonspecific inflammation was observed on day 15 during the therapy with carotenoid extracts (Δ1.01±0.08 in treatment group; Δ1.28±0.08 in control group). For specific inflammation, edema reduction when using carotenoids occurred on day 30 (Δ0.047±0.015 in treatment group; Δ0.073±0.012 in control group). A decrease in leukocytosis occurred on days 20 and 30 of the treatment for non-specific and specific inflammation, respectively. The mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory action of carotenoids are presumably associated with the antioxidant effect and the ability to affect the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions. Extractive carotenoids from the fruits of Capsicum annuum L. have the anti-inflammatory activity in the case of adjuvant-induced inflammation. Treatment with Capsicum annuum L. extract reduced inflammatory edema and total leukocyte count