Outdoor Camping Effectiveness Through Hizbul Wathan's Scouting Movement In Student Leadership

The outdoor camping effectiveness through the Hizbul Wathan scouting movement in ormawa Umisda to know the outdoor application of camping through the Hizbul Wathan scouting movement in creating leadership character; and outdoor camping effectiveness through Hizbul Wathan's leadership leadership movements. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method using observation, interview, and doctoring methods. Outdoor camping operations in Hizbul Wathan divide into 7 stages, among others: (a) preparation, (b) organizers, (c) events, (d) implementation, (e) completion, (f) evaluation, and (g) records. Research shows the formation of a student leadership character integrated into islamic values and application of a code of honor/promises and hizbul wathan guidelines that includes attitudes: (a) honest, (b) responsible, (c) self-contained, (d) discipline, (f) tolerance, (h) religious, (h) caring. Keyword: outdoor camping, leadership character, Hizbul Wathan

Robust Landing Control of a Quadcopter on a Slanted Surface

A robust landing control algorithm is proposed for a quadcopter, as well as for a landing platform to land on an inclined or problematic surface. To use the quadcopter for outdoor application, it is necessary to design a landing platform that can withstand environmental obstacles such as wind and weight load during landing. Conventional retractor landing platforms are not suitable for achieving a stable landing on inclined surfaces or obstacles. Therefore, in this paper, 2-link structured landing legs are applied to stably land on an inclined surface or obstacle with a suitable control algorithm. To achieve stable landing on a slanted surface, a cooperative control algorithm of the quadcopter and the landing platform has been proposed. The proposed robust landing system comprises two controllers, i.e., a high-speed proportional derivative control for the landing platform and a neural network-based proportional–integral–derivative control for controlling the quadcopter in real time. A quadcopter with a robust landing platform has been implemented, and the performance of the robust landing control algorithm has been demonstrated with the system.

Durability and Mechanical Performance of Differently Treated Glulam Beams during Two Years of Outdoor Exposure

The performance of the composites is influenced by the service life of input raw wood material and used adhesives. The aim of the study was to assess the durability and mechanical performance of glulam beams treated in a different way (thermally modified and/or treated with copper-based wood preservative) and exposed in an outdoor application. Glulam beams (83 mm × 68 mm × 1100 mm), made of three layers of Norway spruce (Picea abies) with PUR adhesives used have been exposed in use class 3.2 in a horizontal position since 4th November 2016. Part of the specimens was equipped with MC sensors. Every year, the degradation was evaluated visually. The dynamic modulus of elasticity was determined by longitudinal vibration, and the static modulus of elasticity using a 4-point bending test. On the smaller specimens, cut from glulams, compressive strength, delamination, and shear strength of adhesive bonds were determined. After two years of exposure, the results indicate that the performance of glulams is determined by the wood modification and applied wood preservative.

The Effects of Adding Different HALS on the Curing Process, Film Properties and Lightfastness of Refined Oriental Lacquer

Oriental lacquer is a natural polymeric coating with a satiny texture and excellent characteristics, such as chemical resistance and durability. However, the poor lightfastness resulted in the natural aromatic structures of the urushiol structures limited its suitability for outdoor application. This study aimed at the improvement of the lightfastness by adding the different hindered amine light stafbilizers (HALS) with 2 phr addition as well as the effects on the coating and film property of the refined oriental lacquers (RL). The Cryptomeria japonica plate, glass sheets, and the other substrates were used for finishing. The results showed that the lightfastness of RL film was obviously improved by adding 2 phr HALS of Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate (H90) containing -NH group and Bis (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)-[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethyl ethyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl] methyl] butylmalonate (H60) containing -NCH3 groups. The HALS additions increased the pH value of RL and improved the activities of laccase-catalyzed reaction. Meanwhile, the oxidative polymerization of the side chains of RL was inhibited, caused by a radical scavenging ability of HALS. The changes in the drying process affected not only the curing time, but also the film properties. Among the 2 phr additions of different HALS, the film containing H90 had the best lightfastness. Meanwhile, it kept the most similar properties with RL and shortened the drying time of RL, and it was selected as the best HALS addition under 2 phr in this study.