Quantum Signature of Anisotropic Singularities in Hydrogen Bond Breaking of Water Dimer

Molecular simulations from small molecules to large bio-macromolecules and polymer systems are routinely used to simulate thermodynamics properties of interests by molecular mechanics-based potentials. In a recent paper, via three different semi-empirical methods, we reported quantum singularities in molecular mechanics torsion potentials as signature of chemical bond break-up process revealed under experimental X-ray as broken chemical moieties. In this present work, applying first principle methods of Hartree-Fock, Density Functional as well as Moller-Plesset techniques we have reconfirmed the previous general predictions of singularities in the torsion potential for the case of water dimer that connects two water monomers by weak hydrogen bond. Due to quantum nature of chemical bond breaking process leading to break-point conditions in otherwise connected molecular topology aided by molecular mechanics based potentials, the singularities are also suggestive of large forces as onset in the bond-breaking process. We have presented the details of these novel interesting findings in this paper. These results of quantum singularities can have significant impacts to improve current force fields and can open up new areas we define as “Fracture Molecular Mechanics” or “Fracture Force Field” in overlap regions of molecular and quantum mechanics based approaches to explore and account for chemical bond-breaking mechanisms in molecular simulation techniques.

Resolving singularities in relativistic spacetimes

The definitions of classical and quantum singularities are reviewed. While it is known that some classical timelike and null singularities in static and conformally static spacetimes are resolved by a quantum probe, here it is shown that the ring singularity in the stationary overspinning Kerr spacetime remains singular.

Understanding singularities — Classical and quantum

The definitions of classical and quantum singularities are reviewed. Examples are given of both as well as their utility in general relativity. In particular, the classical and quantum singularity structure of certain interesting conformally static spherically symmetric spacetimes modeling scalar field collapse are reviewed. The spacetimes include the Roberts spacetime, the Husain-Martinez-Nuñez spacetime and the Fonarev spacetime. The importance of understanding spacetime singularity structure is discussed.