Telemetering of Rainfall Measurement Results Using 433 MHz Wireless Transmission

The line of sight (LOS) microwave communication system, especially those operating at frequencies above 10 GHz, is very susceptible to rain attenuation, particularly in tropical countries such as Indonesia. Therefore, it is essential to calculate rain attenuation estimation values as a basis for consideration in designing a line of sight microwave communication system to get stable communication. In this study, telemetering was designed to measure the rainfall intensity from a rain gauge device through a 433 MHz wireless transceiver. Measurement of rainfall intensity values via an Arduino-controlled rain gauge was transmitted directly to the monitoring room, which then processed to be displayed in graphical form in real time and can also be stored as data loggers. The rainfall telemetering device users can measure rainfall remotely and without having to wait for the rain like the rainfall manual measurement.

Numerical Analysis of the Fractional-Order Telegraph Equations

This paper studied the fractional-order telegraph equations via the natural transform decomposition method with nonsingular kernel derivatives. The fractional result considered in the Caputo-Fabrizio derivative is Caputo sense. Currently, the communication system plays a vital role in a global society. High-frequency telecommunications continuously receive significant attention in the industry due to a slew of radiofrequency and microwave communication networks. These technologies use transmission media to move information-carrying signals from one location to another. We used natural transformation on fractional telegraph equations followed by inverse natural transformation to achieve the solution of the equation. To validate the technique, we have considered a few problems and compared them with the exact solutions.

Metamaterial-inspired electrically small antenna for microwave applications

Electrically small antennas are becoming more important to compete with the rising modern civilization. Hence, this study presents a new approach of electrically small antenna inspired by a metamaterial structure which creates an impact by achieving a multi-band property that can be applied for different microwave applications. A high-frequency electromagnetic simulator was utilized to design, simulate, and analyze the antenna performance. About 58% reduction was achieved due to the incorporation of the modified electric field-driven capacitor-driven metamaterial. The initial length of the antenna was 0.61λ0 × 0.58λ0 × 0.12λ0; however, after embedding metamaterial, 58% reduction was achieved and the size of the electrical length of the reduced antenna becomes 0.254λ0 × 0.207λ0 × 0.013λ0, where λ0 denotes free-space wavelength. The electrical limitation factor (ka) of the antenna that was 0.94 (below 1) satisfied the conditions of electrically small antenna. The antenna achieved the highest measured gain of 4.79 dB. Due to its compact miniaturized size and resonance characteristics, the proposed antenna is compatible for broad spectrum of applications in the field of microwave communication.

On the Power of Microwave Communication Data to Monitor Rain for Agricultural Needs in Africa

Over the last two decades, prevalent technologies and Internet of Things (IoT) systems have been found to have potential for carrying out environmental monitoring. The data generated from these infrastructures are readily available and have the potential to provide massive spatial coverage. The costs involved in using these data are minimal since the records are already generated for the original uses of these systems. Commercial microwave links, which provide the underlying framework for data transfer between cellular network base stations, are one example of such a system and have been found useful for monitoring rainfall. Wireless infrastructure of this kind is deployed widely by communication providers across Africa and can thus be used as a rainfall monitoring device to complement the sparse proprietary resources that currently exist or to substitute for them where alternatives do not exist. Here we focus this approach’s potential to acquire valuable information required for agricultural needs across Africa using Kenya as an example.