On the Electromagnetic Vacuum Origins of Dark Energy, Dark Matter, and Astrophysical Jets

We use a semiclassical version of the Nexus paradigm of quantum gravity in which the quantum vacuum at large scales is dominated by the second quantized electromagnetic field to demonstrate that a virtual photon field can affect the geometric evolution of Einstein manifolds or Ricci solitons. This phenomenon offers a cogent explanation of the origins of astrophysical jets, the cosmological constant, and a means of detecting galactic dark matter.

Comparison between XY Spin Chains with Spin 1/2 or 1 Interacting with Quantized Electromagnetic Field by One and Two Photon Jaynes-Cummings Model

This paper describes two cases of interaction between a quantized electromagnetic field and two different XY spin molecules; one with spins ½, and the other with spins 1. Both interact with a quantized electromagnetic field, with one of the spins in the chain interacting with the electromagnetic field. The interaction between the field mode and the spin chain with spins 1 is described by the one- and two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model (JC model). On the other hand, the interaction between the spins ½ and the electromagnetic field is described only by the one-photon Jaynes-Cummings model. Analytical and numerical calculations were made for the case of a different number of photons in the field mode, a different number of spins, and a different position of spin, interacting with the electromagnetic field. The invariant and block structures of such a chain are shown with a comparison made between the evolution of the magnetic moment and the number of photons in both cases.

Radiation Problems Accompanying Carrier Production by an Electric Field in the Graphene

A number of physical processes that occur in a flat one-dimensional graphene structure under the action of strong time-dependent electric fields are considered. It is assumed that the Dirac model can be applied to the graphene as a subsystem of the general system under consideration, which includes an interaction with quantized electromagnetic field. The Dirac model itself in the external electromagnetic field (in particular, the behavior of charged carriers) is treated nonperturbatively with respect to this field within the framework of strong-field QED with unstable vacuum. This treatment is combined with a kinetic description of the radiation of photons from the electron-hole plasma created from the vacuum under the action of the electric field. An interaction with quantized electromagnetic field is described perturbatively. A significant development of the kinetic equation formalism is presented. A number of specific results are derived in the course of analytical and numerical study of the equations. We believe that some of predicted effects and properties of considered processes may be verified experimentally. Among these effects, it should be noted a characteristic spectral composition anisotropy of the quantum radiation and a possible presence of even harmonics of the external field in the latter radiation.

Toward a quantum-enhanced strontium optical lattice clock at INRIM

The new strontium atomic clock at INRIM seeks to establish a new frontier in quantum measurement by joining state-of-the-art optical lattice clocks and the quantized electromagnetic field provided by a cavity QED setup. The goal of our experiment is to apply advanced quantum techniques to state-of-the-art optical lattice clocks, demonstrating enhanced sensitivity while preserving long coherence times and the highest accuracy. In this paper we describe the current status of the experiment and the prospected sensitivity gain for the designed cavity QED setup.

Quantum vacuum torque on a bi-anisotropic absorbing magneto-dielectric cylindrical shell co-axis with a perfectly conductor cylindrical shell

A fully canonical quantization of electromagnetic field in the presence of a bi-anisotropic absorbing magneto-dielectric cylindrical shell is provided. The mode expansions of the dynamical quantum fields, contained in the theory, is achieved and the ladder operators of the system are introduced. Using the Frobenius’s series technique, the Maxwell’s equations in the presence of the bi-anisotropic absorbing magneto-dielectric cylindrical shell are solved and the space–time dependence of the quantized electromagnetic field is obtained. Applying the conservation principle of the angular momentum, the net quantum vacuum torque exerted on the bi-anisotropic absorbing magneto-dielectric cylindrical shell is calculated. The net quantum vacuum torque exerted on the cylindrical shell is calculated in the vacuum state and the thermal state of the system. The quantum vacuum torque on the cylindrical shell identically vanishes when the bi-anisotropic absorbing magneto-dielectric cylindrical shell is converted to an isotropic one.