Arthroscopic Excision of Calcification in Lateral Collateral Ligament of Knee with Direct Lateral (Bengaluru Chandrashekar) Portal

Calcium apatite deposition disease (CADD) is a common entity characterized by deposition of calcium apatite crystals within and around connective tissues, usually in a periarticular location 1. Many different locations of CADD have been described amongst which, lateral collateral ligament (LCL) of the knee is a rare location 2. The first ever case of calcific deposits in the lateral collateral ligament of the knee was reported by Anderson et al 3 in 2003. A few isolated case reports of LCL calcification are published in the literature 4,5 but arthroscopic excision of calcific deposit in LCL has not been described yet in the literature. Here we are describing 2 cases of arthroscopic excision of calcific deposits in LCL of the knee by a new portal called ‘Direct lateral portal' for the knee.

Observation of Apatite Formation on Titanium Plate and Bone Surfaces in Electric Stimulation

Apatite formation due to mineralization has important implications in the biological function of hard tissues. The mechanical properties of mineralized tissues such as teeth enamel, dentin, and bone depend strongly on the apatite structure in the tissue. The control of both volume fraction and apatite texture is important in determining the structural characteristics. It is also important to create an apatite layer on the surface of implanted materials to improve biocompatibility between the surface and the tissues. In this study, apatite deposition and formation on Ti plates and bone surfaces were studied by means of electric stimulation conducted in apatite-neutralizing solution. Apatite particles were deposited not only on the Ti plate surfaces but also on the bone, combined with Ti wires wrapped under DC loading. Apatite crystal growth was observed on the samples during electric stimulation.