Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: The peer review process was conducted with double-blind method by 2 reviewers per article. • Conference submission management system: Email address used for manuscript management system is [email protected] • Number of submissions received: 180 • Number of submissions sent for review: 125 • Number of submissions accepted: 111 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted/Number of Submissions Received X 100): 61.67% • Average number of reviews per paper: 3 rounds of review process • Total number of reviewers involved: 12 reviewers • Any additional info on review process: In detail, the submitted papers were checked for their plagiarism similarity index with Turn it in software. Any manuscript with similarity index above 25% will be returned to the author for revision. The peer-review process was conducted by involving internal reviewers from University of Mataram who has scopus H-index ≥ 3. In addition, external reviewers were also involved from other universities and institution. Selection of the reviewers was conducted based on the suitability of the reviewer expertise and the subtopic of the paper. The first decision whether the paper is rejected or required for revision is sent in approximately 4 days. The comments from the reviewer are concluded by the editor in chief to reject or accept the paper. • Contact person for queries: Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya, Ph.D. University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia [email protected]

The Efficacy of Different Interventional Chemoembolization Regiments Combined with Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer and its Effects on Patients’ Immune Function

Objective: To study and compare the clinical effects of the combination of different interventional embolization chemotherapy and radiofrequency ablation in patients with primary liver cancer. Methods: In this paper, based on the target data validation of those 60 patients with primary liver cancer treated in the hospital during the period from May 2017 to May 2018, the double-blind method was used for the comparison between groups. Patients in the reference group were treated with the combination of cis-platinum interventional chemoembolization regimen and radiofrequency ablation, while those in the experimental group were treated with the combination of lobaplatin interventional chemoembolization regimen and radiofrequency ablation. Then, the efficacy of both groups was compared. Results: After the treatment, the clinically effective total value, the calculation value of adverse reactions, and the value of IgA, IgM, IgG and AFP of the experimental group were compared with those of the reference group. In addition, the value of IgA, IgM, IgG and AFP of both groups after and before the treatment were compared. The experimental results showed that the data was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The combination of lobaplatin and cisplatin interventional embolization chemotherapy and radiofrequency ablation has some effects in patients with primary liver cancer, but the former one showed more significant effects.

High rate of extrapair paternity in a human population demonstrates diversity in human reproductive strategies

Among nonhuman species, social monogamy is rarely accompanied by complete fidelity. Evolutionary theory predicts that the rate of extrapair paternity (EPP) should vary according to socioecological conditions. In humans, however, geneticists contend that EPP is negligible and relatively invariable. This conclusion is based on a limited set of studies, almost all of which describe European-descent groups. Using a novel, double-blind method designed in collaboration with a community of Himba pastoralists, we find that the rate of EPP in this population is 48%, with 70% of couples having at least one EPP child. Both men and women were very accurate at detecting cases of EPP. These data suggest that the range of variation in EPP across human populations is substantially greater than previously thought. We further show that a high rate of EPP can be accompanied by high paternity confidence, which highlights the importance of disaggregating EPP from the notion of “cuckoldry.”

Principles of Decision Making on the Prescription of Medicines. What else Do You Need to Know when Interpreting the Results of Clinical Trials?

What can become the basis for the decision making when prescribing a medicine, choosing one instead of another? Words and their combinations ‘randomised controlled study’, ‘double blind’, ‘meta-analysis’, ‘relevant difference’ have a kind of hypnotic effect on the doctor and often it is enough to make a positive impression and convince of the need to prescribe a medicine. Indeed, randomisation and a double-blind method of enrolling patients are the main ways to avoid systematic errors in research. However, this is not enough to decide what medicine to choose. When analysing the results of clinical trials, it is necessary to know a number of details that are important, sometimes critical, without regard to which it is possible to make false or incorrect conclusions about the efficacy of medicines. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of clinical trials which need to be paid no less attention than randomisation, double-blind method, and statistical significance of the obtained results.

Detecting Semantic Ambiguity

In this article, we investigate ambiguity in syntactic annotation. The ambiguity in question is inherent in a way that even human annotators interpret the meaning differently. In our experiment, we detect potential structurally ambiguous sentences with Constraint Grammar rules. In the linguistic phenomena we investigate, structural ambiguity is primarily caused by word order. The potentially ambiguous particle or adverbial is located between the main verb and the (participial) NP. After detecting the structures, we analyze how many of the potentially ambiguous cases are actually ambiguous using the double-blind method. We rank the sentences captured by the rules on a 1 to 5 scale to indicate which reading the annotator regards as the primary one. The results indicate that 67% of the sentences are ambiguous. Introducing ambiguity in the treebank/parsebank increases the informativeness of the representation since both correct analyses are presented.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment with thyroxine and iodotyrox drugs in patients with diffuse non-toxic goiter in Moscow

The efficiency of therapy with a combined thyroxin-iodine drug and monotherapy with thyroxin was compared in patients with diffuse nontoxic goiter (DNG), and the effect of iodine intake was evaluated. The study was carried out in an outpatient setting by the double blind method in 46 women aged 18-50 years with DNG: 22 were treated by the combined drug (TI) containing 100 pg L-thyroxin and 100 pg potassium iodide per tablet (lodthyrox, Merck KGaA) and 24 were treated by thyroxin (T) in a dose of 100 pg (Euthyrox, Merck KGaA). The treatment was administeredfor 1 year. A year after this treatment, 15 women were treated with iodinated oil (IO) (lipidol capsules, Guerbet) containing 380 mg iodine. Thyroid volume, concentrations of intrathyroid stable iodine (ISI), pituitary thyrotropic hormone, free triiodothyronin and thyroxin, and antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase in the blood were evaluated in all women before and during treatment. Therapy with T and TI equally decreased the size of the thyroid in DNG. ISI concentration decreased during TI treatment less than during monotherapy. Thyroid volume increased to the pre-treatment size 12 months after therapy with T or TI was discontinued, while ISI concentration remained lowered. Administration of IO led to a decrease in the thyroid size, less pronounced than during T or TI treatment, and to an increase in ISI concentration.