The Relationship between Menstrual Pattern and Menstrual Attitude Dimensions in Reproductive-age Women

Objective: Women's attitudes towards menstruation play a critical role in shaping their body and psychosocial integrity. Menstruation is affected by some bio-psychosocial factors; therefore, more in-depth understanding is needed to cope better with the consequent difficulties. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between menstrual patterns and menstrual attitude dimensions in reproductive-age women. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 women referred to the urban health centers of Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran, from January 2019 to December 2019. The Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire (MAQ) and Verbal Multidimensional Scoring (VMS) systems were used to collect the required data. The features of the menstrual cycle were also recorded. Results: The overall response rate was 96.74%. Women with dysmenorrhea perceived menstruation as a more debilitating, bothersome, and predictable event and less denied any menstrual effect (p=0.001). The results also revealed that the subjective menstrual blood loss was associated with higher levels of perceiving menstruation as a natural (p=0.008), bothersome (p=0.026), and anticipatory event (p=0.021) and reporting less denial of any menstrual effect (p=0.001). Moreover, women rated menstruation as a more bothersome event by increasing the menstrual bleeding length (p=0.014). There was no significant relationship between the other features of the menstrual cycle with menstrual dimensions (p>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that women's attitudes towards menstruation was associated with menstrual pain, length, and subjective volume of menstrual flow. These factors could be used to modify women's attitudes towards the natural phenomenon of menstruation. Keywords: Attitude; Menstruation; Dysmenorrhea; Menarche; Menorrhagia.

Postartesunate delayed hemolysis is a predictable event related to the lifesaving effect of artemisinins

Key Points After being killed by artesunate, malaria parasites are expelled from red cells and then these pitted red cells reenter the circulation. When many pitted red cells are produced during therapy, their delayed clearance a few weeks later triggers hemolytic episodes.

Reading the script

This article investigates how the process of coming out as lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) is represented both on internet sites and in paper pamphlets offering advice. The analysis of the texts makes use of script formulation theory, as developed by Edwards (1994, 1995, 1997, 2004), and reveals a degree of interdiscursivity between the texts, in that coming out is scripted with a high level of homogeneity. A number of different scripts relating to coming out are identified and consideration is given to the rhetorical functions performed by these particular scripts. It is argued that the selection, elaboration, support and opposition of particular scripts formulates coming out as a rational, positive and emancipatory action for an LGB individual to undertake. Moreover, the writers present coming out as an ordered and predictable event, which functions to persuade the reader that coming out is an achievable and attainable objective.

A Hybrid Endovascular Procedure to Preserve Internal Iliac Artery Patency during Endovascular Repair of Aortoiliac Aneurysms

Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility of a hybrid endovascular procedure to preserve blood flow in the internal iliac arteries (IIA) during aortoiliac endografting. Technique: When aneurysmal dilatation makes the distal neck in the common iliac artery (CIA) too short for an adequate seal, the CIA bifurcation is exposed via an extraperitoneal approach after endograft deployment. Via an arteriotomy in the CIA, the distal end of the stent-graft is sutured to the CIA bifurcation under direct vision to preserve IIA blood flow. This approach has been successful in preserving IIA blood flow in 5 of 7 endograft procedures; in the other 2, IIA occlusion was a predictable event. Conclusions: Direct suturing of an aortoiliac stent-graft to the CIA bifurcation via an extraperitoneal approach is a useful method of maintaining IIA perfusion. However, further study is required to identify patients at high risk of pelvic ischemia who would benefit from such intervention.