Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Primary and Secondary Testicular Lymphoma and its Clinical Mimickers- A Definite Indication

Albeit being rare, the testicular lymphoma is the most common testicular malignancy in elders. In early stages, its symptoms are non-specific and can mimic other underlying diseases. The available knowledge of cytology on this entity is not adequate. In case when a clinician comes across a testicular enlargement case, a decision has to be made when to send the patient for FNAC. Similarly, the pathologist who is assessing the patient should also make a decision whether to perform Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) on the patient or not, and what morphology is expected on cytological smears to be able to confidently call it testicular lymphoma. We have undertaken this study to serve the purpose of enhancing the sparse knowledge available on this disease, dealt with its multiorgan involvement, and explained how FNAC is a valuable utility in testicular enlargement cases in which serological markers of testicular malignancy are negative.

Scrotal abscess with xanthogranulomatous epididymo-orchitis: a case report of rare diagnostic entity

Xanthogranulomatous epididymo-orchitis is an extremely rare diagnostic entity presenting as ascrotal mass with or without pain. Rarely, it can affect prostate, epididymis, and testicle. It canmimic a testicular malignancy both clinically as well as radiologically, hence, careful pathologicalexamination and biomarker study are essential to rule out malignancy. We report a case of 50 yearsold male with increasing right testicular swelling with a discharging pus. Skin over scrotum wasgangrenous. Right orchidectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis revealed features ofxanthogranulomatous epididymo-orchitis with no evidence of malignancy. IHC markers for tumorwere negative.

Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumour (TART) or Testicular Malignancy: A Clinical Dilemma

Testicular adrenal rest tumour (TART) is a known entity in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. An adult patient presenting with testicular enlargement raises a concern for malignancy and this creates a diagnostic dilemma between non-malignant conditions such as TART versus testicular malignancy. We describe a case where the patient underwent orchiectomy due to clinical concern for malignancy but, retrospectively, this outcome could have been prevented by medical treatment. This case emphasises the need to learn from errors. There is a need to increase awareness of the condition among medical professionals to reduce the chances of unnecessary surgical intervention.

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Testis

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), arising from mesenchymal cells, is the most common soft tissue tumour in children and accounts for up to half of all sarcomas. We present a case of a 15 year old male presented with gradually increasing right sided scrotal swelling for last one year. The patient was later diagnosed as right testicular malignancy with metastasis in abdominal lymph nodes and lungs. Inguinal orchidectomy was performed and final histopathological diagnosis was embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of right testis. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23(2): 98-99