Innovative Meshing Strategies for Bearing Lubrication Simulations

Efficiency improvement is the new challenge in all fields of design. In this scenario the reduction of power losses is becoming more and more a main concern also in the design of power transmissions. Appropriate models to predict power losses are therefore required from the earliest stages of the design phase. The aim of this project is to carry out lubrication simulations of several variants of a cylindrical roller bearing to understand the lubricant distribution and the related churning power losses. Several strategies to reduce the computational effort were used. Among them the sectorial symmetry and three innovative meshing strategies (purely analytical with and without interfaces and analytical/subtractive) that were implemented in the OpenFOAM® environment. The results of the different approaches were compared among them and reasonable savings in terms of computational effort were shown.

Pengembangan Sistem Inventory Control Pada Perusahaan PT Alam Indah Utama

Alam Indah Utama are official pertamina lubricant dealer in bali. Alam Indah Utama moves in lubricant distribution on pertamina oil. Alam Indah utama as a official dealer had an advantages to buy the oil direct from Pertamina. Alam Indah Utama used system that pertamina gave and the second system are internal system. And in this journal will talk about improving the Alam Indah Utama’s internal inventory stock system. With hope can make the internal system that can show the stocks, customer, supplier and past transaction.

Multi-Phase Gearbox Modelling Using GPU-Accelerated Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method

Developments in automotive design such as electrification of engines and a growing need to improve driveline efficiency requires adaption of old techniques. The ability to make fast and accurate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) assessment is of high importance to the development of novel powertrains. Consequently, innovative numerical techniques and continuous improvements to existing CFD codes is relevant to ensure reliability. This work extends the capabilities of a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code to include multiphase modeling, studied using a gearbox model. A vast majority of CFD codes use grid-based approaches following the Eulerian spatial discretization, which is quite established in engineering applications. Lagrangian based approaches where the moving fluid particles are discretized over time and space present a promising alternative. One of the most common methods of this kind is the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, a fully Lagrangian, particle-based approach for fluid-flow simulations. The main advantage is the absence of numerical grid for computations, which eliminates complexities of interface handling. Nowadays, the SPH approach is more commonly used for hydro-engineering applications involving free-surface flows. New techniques to perform numerical simulations on Graphics Processing Units (GPU) virtually eliminates some of the disadvantages of the method. In this work, we present our multi-GPU solution designed for both GPU-equipped desktops and multi-GPU supercomputers. Fluid dynamic simulations on a single gearbox model is used to validate the multiphase model, by comparing the results with earlier simulations that use a single-phase model omitting air-lubricant interface in the gearbox. The base case in the study is a single bevel gear placed inside a cuboid case with a lubricant depth equivalent to 25% gear diameter. Simulations are performed at various rotational speeds, and corresponding lubricant distribution and churning losses are obtained. The current study targets a comparison of the single-phase and multiphase models in approximating the lubricant distribution and churning loss values at nominal rotational speeds. This serves to standardize the numerical procedure, which will help in improving the accuracy of churning loss calculations through validations against experimental results in the future.

Surface Evolution and Lubricant Distribution in Deep Drawing

Deep drawing is one of the most important processes applied in industrial production. Here the Finite-Element-Method (FEM) is an important tool in the development and optimization process. One aspect to optimize simulations is to consider real friction behavior. Thus the friction phenomenon has to be describable. In addition to contact normal pressure and velocity the surface topography and the lubricant amount have a great influence on friction. This paper illustrates the influence of surface evolution in real, inhomogeneous processes on the lubricant distribution. For this a rectangular cup with four different corner radii is used to evaluate local surface topographies and lubricant amounts in deep drawing. The lubricant amount is measured by fluorescence technique and the surface topography is evaluated by a confocal white-light microscope. Due to hydrodynamic effects the lubricant is squeezed out and displaced to adjacent regions. Further hydrostatic pressures built up in closed lubricant pockets force the lubricant to stay in the forming zone to bear a part of the load. In free forming zones without contact between the sheet and tool the surface roughens due to grain dislocations in the microstructure. This paper also presents the results of lubricant distribution and surface evolution by varying the initial lubricant amounts and drawing depth. It can be recognized that the different corner radii of the rectangle cup have a great influence on the surface evolution and lubricant distribution. Moreover it can be clearly seen that surface parameters correlate with the lubricant amount. By means of the described evaluation it is also possible to correlate these values with load histories consisting of contact pressures and strain evolution, evaluated in FEM. All the results contribute to a better understanding of the friction behavior in deep drawing and point out the inhomogeneous character of friction.