Dekomposisi Hemiselulosa Sekam Padi Oryza sativa L Oleh Jamur Pelapuk Kayu

The objective of this study was to investigate the growth and decomposition ability of wood rot fungi in reducing of hemicellulose. The study used seven fungal isolates of wood rot fungi which were inoculated into organic substrate and incubated for 30 days. The growth of fungi on the organic substrate was observed and the decrease level of hemicellulose by using the Van Soest method was analyzed. The results showed that the fastest growth of fungal isolates was seen in JM isolates that filled all organic substrates and then MKS, KSH, B, KSB, E and C isolates. The most effective hemicellulose decomposition was obtained from MKS isolates which was 79.69%.

Identification and antimicrobial properties of bacteria isolated from naturally decaying wood

Research on wood decay in forest ecosystems has traditionally focused on wood-rot fungi, which lead the decay process through attack of the lignocellulose complex. The role of bacteria, which can be highly abundant, is still unclear. Wood-inhabiting bacteria are thought to be nutritionally dependent on decay activities of wood-rot fungi. Therefore, we hypothesized that these bacteria are not antagonistic against wood-rot fungi whereas antagonistic activity against other bacteria may be high (resource competition). This was examined for decaying wood in temperate forests. We found that the abundance of cultivable bacteria in decaying wood can be highly variable. The general pattern is an increase of bacteria with progressive decay, but we also identified several fungi that were apparently able to exclude bacteria from their woody territory. We established a bacterial collection which is highly representative for decaying wood with typical wood-inhabiting taxa: Xanthomonadaceae, Acetobacteraceae, Caulobacteraceae, Methylovirgula, Sphingomonas, Burkholderia and Granulicella. In vitro antagonistic activity against other bacteria and fungi was evaluated. In contrast to our hypothesis, we found surprisingly low antagonistic activity against bacteria (<2% of isolates), while antagonism against fungi was more prevalent. These results may point at a prominent role of mycophagy (growth at the expense of living fungi) among wood-inhabiting bacteria.

Identification of active compounds and antifungal activity of Toona sinensis leaves fractions against wood rot fungi

Elfirta RR, Falah S, Andrianto D, Lastini T. 2018. Identification of active compounds and antifungal activity of Toona sinensisleaves fractions against wood rot fungi. Biodiversitas 19: 1313-1318. Inhibitory activities of surian or toon (Toona sinensis) leavesfraction origin Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia against wood rot fungi (Ganoderma boninense IPBCC 10.658, Trametes versicolorInaCC F200, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium IPBCC 93.259) were studied. The samples were macerated using methanol andacetone. The results of brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) showed that the methanol extract had the highest cytotoxicity of LC50 at 29.76μg/mL and inhibit the growth of G. boninense (27.78%), T. versicolor (79.26%) and P. chrysosporium (81.11%). The methanol extractwas then subsequently fractionated using n-hexane, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate respectively. The diethyl ether fraction was found tohave the highest inhibitory activity against T. versicolor (46.30%) and P. chrysosporium (81.11%). This fraction was further separatedusing column chromatography and analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC), which gave six fractions. Antifungal test exhibitedthat fraction 5 had the highest antifungal properties against T. versicolor (74.07%) and P. chrysosporium (80.37%). Inhibition of P.chrysosporium resulted in abnormal growth of hyphae morphology as indicated by changes in its growth direction and excessive hyphaebranching. Additionally, the results of LC-MS/MS experiment indicated toon leaves fraction 5 which contains N-[2- (DGlucopyranosyloxy)ethyl]-2-hydroxy-N-[2hydroxy3 (octadecyloxy) propyl] butanamide dan Brucine compounds that were regarded as theantifungal compounds.