Evaluation of Utilizing the Magnetic Techniques to Treat the Sulfuric Water Resources in Nineveh Governrate / Iraq

The sulfuric water in Iraq is considered one of the polluted water resources due to their high sulfur contents which reach about (1000 ppm) in Iraqi sulfur springs which consider more than the permitted rate in the global scale limiting (200-400 ppm). So, this study was conducted to treat the water of the sulfur springs by using magnetic techniques, through the identification of the physical and chemical traits before and after treatment as well as determining the validity of these types of water for different uses. The Mosul city contains several sulfur water springs which located in (A) Mosul dam area, (B) area of Ein Kebriet in the center of Mosul, and (C) area of the Hammam-Alalil, where the sulfur water causes contamination of the surface water due to flowing towards the Tigris River. So, magnetic techniques were applied; where the sulfur water was passed for a period of (15 and 30 minutes), through a closed mgnetic circuit of a device which generates a magnetic field of (1000 Gauss). We found, that after the treatment by the magnetic techniques the physical characteristics changed when the yellow sulfur color disappeared and converted to the transparent color. Also, the sulfuric odor disappeared while the chemical properties such as the pH values found its change; in the site (A) from 6 to 7.1, in the site (B) from 6.5 to 7.4 and in the site (C) from 9 to 8.4. Moreover, electric conductivity (EC) decreased; in site (A) from 1721 ppm to 17 ppm, in the site (B) from 1414 ppm to 15 ppm and in the site (C) from 871 ppm to (9) while the total dissolved solids (TDS) values increased in the site (A) from 3.5×103 ppm to 3.8×103 ppm, in the site (B) from 2.8×103 ppm to 3.1×103 ppm and in the site (C) from 1.7×103 ppm to 1.8×103 ppm. Due to the efficiency of treatment by increasing the solubility of water contents, and decreased the sulfate values (SO4) in site (A) from 1392 ppm to 144, in site (B) from 945 ppm to 95 ppm and in site (C) from 247 to 26, due to their conversion to hydrogen sulfide gas and their volatilization in the atmosphere, which is caused by a fault odor in the laboratory. Thus, the flowing of the treated water to the river contributes in the enrichment of surface water, also possible for its investment in agricultural irrigation.

Interior Proliferation and its Improvement of Hydrogen Sulfide from Hot Springs Gas

For a healthy environment for hot spring recreation, this study discussed the diffusion in the bathroom of hydrogen sulfide gas from hot sulfur springs for an improvement of this harmful situation. Based on empirical measurements and then comparing the results with CFD simulation, the analysis exposed the distribution status of indoor hydrogen sulfide and its diffusion behavior. Results indicate that sulfur springs produce high levels of hydrogen sulfide that are hazardous. And the high concentrations can be improved under ideal ventilation, which was determined by the air exchange rate, flow field efficiency, turbulence and vortex phenomena.

Eggonite (Kolbeckite, Sterrettite), ScPO4 · 2H2O

SynopsisThe curious history of the mineral eggonite is reviewed, and two new occurrences are described. The original specimens, for which Schrauf gave good morphological and optical data in 1879, with a tentative suggestion that it was a cadmium silicate, were fakes; the tiny crystals of the new mineral were glued on to hemimorphite specimens from Altenberg, Belgium. In 1929, Zimanyi edited and published observations by Krenner, who found the mineral on silver ores from Felsöbánya, Hungary, added to Schrauf's physical data, and identified it as an aluminium phosphate. It was not until 1959 that Mrose and Wappner showed that it is scandium phosphate, ScPO4 · 2H2O, and essentially identical with kolbeckite, described by Edelmann in 1926 as a phosphate and silicate of beryllium, aluminium, and calcium from Saxony, and with sterrettite, described by Larsen and Montgomery in 1940 as an aluminium phosphate from Fairfield, Utah.In 1980 the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, while accepting the identity of the three minerals and rejecting the name sterrettite, were almost equally divided over the names eggonite and kolbeckite, which are thus both acceptable; since eggonite has 47 years priority, we suggest that it should have preference.The available physical and chemical data on eggonite are summarized and added to, and two new occurrences, at Potash Sulfur Springs, Arkansas, and at Sakpur, Gujarat, India, are described.