Literature Review of the Concepts of Condylar Resorption, Incidences during Orthodontic and after Orthognathic Surgery and Treatment Measures

Condylar resorption and its incidence at an early age or after orthognathic surgery are well-documented issues, but it is associated with high controversies regarding its etiology and management. Lack of clear understanding of its pathogenies and the limitation of the available evidence inherited for the development of a systematic treatment approach and most previous studies recommended further investigation of the problem. This review aims to cover the problem of condylar resorption and its association with orthodontic and orthognathic surgery as well as to discuss the prospective treatment measure available through the literature. According to the available literature, most previous studies covered the condylar resorption of this type of patient (skeletal class II with high mandibular plane angle) following the orthognathic surgery. However, no studies investigated the long-term condition of the condyles of the involved patient before the surgery. Furthermore, there is no evidence for the orthodontic management of this challenging condition, and most recommendations come from case reports. So, it is crucial to assess the changes that happened to the condyle during the preoperative orthodontic and correlate the finding with what happened after the surgery to provide clear evidence that may help further understand the problem of condylar resorption. This evidence could be beneficial for both patients and clinicians. CT or CBCT images have been regarded as the best choice of detailed diagnosis and investigation of condylar resorption. The incidence of condylar resorption after orthognathic surgery with or without disc repositioning of skeletal class II with high mandibular plane angle is extremely suspected. However, artificial joint replacement is considered a gold standard treatment measure in severe or relapsed cases.

Habit tic nail dystrophy: a case report affecting single thumb nail

Habit-tic deformity is a classic example of overlap between the domains of dermatology and psychiatry. Mostly seen in adults, it results from the habit of picking or pushing the cuticle backward. A case of habit-tic deformity of a single thumb nail is reported and the simple treatment measure adopted discussed.

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Ice Cubes Versus Sodium Bicarbonate Mouthwash both as Prophylactic Measure and as Treatment of Oral Mucositis Induced by Systemic Anticancer Therapies

Oral mucositis is a complication of systemic anticancer therapies. This study aimed at investigating the use of ice cubes and sodium bicarbonate mouthwash as a preventive and a treatment measure for oral mucositis in patients receiving systemic anticancer therapies. The two measures were given to 50 patients, 24 of whom already had oral mucositis at Oncology Department in Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil/ Iraq. Patients’ grades for oral mucositis were recorded before and after receiving the two measures. After treatment of the 24 patients with Oral Mucositis, the number decreased to 9 patients. The grades of patients’ oral mucositis also decreased to lower grades The two measures were effective but sodium bicarbonate mouthwash was more significant effective as a treatment and preventive measure for oral mucositis (p=0.044) than ice cubes (p=0.022).