Essai de gobetage des mycéliums de Pleurotus cystidiosus à Kinshasa en R.D. Congo

Il a été montré que les fortes pluies et chaleurs réduisaient les rendements du Pleurotus cystidiosus. La présente étude visait à trouver une méthode de culture pouvant limiter les chutes de rendement de Pleurotus cystidiosus en saisons humides et chaudes. Deux techniques à savoir celle de la culture sur étagère et du gobetage ont été utilisées comme traitement appliqué chacun à un échantillon de 30 sachets de substrat ensemencé. Les moyennes des températures étaient de 28,2 °C pour la saison des pluies et de 25,5 °C pour la saison sèche L’analyse de la variance a révélé une différence hautement significative (p≤0,0000) entre le rendement obtenu avec la culture à l’étagère et celui obtenu avec le gobetage. Cette différence n’a été constatée que pendant la période des fortes chaleurs. Les moyennes des rendements sont respectivement de 378,8 ± 39,5 g en saison de pluies et de 474,3g ± 50,1 g en saison sèche pour la culture à l’étagère et 638,7 ± 64,8 g en saison des pluies et 531,3 ± 94,03 g en saison sèche pour le gobetage. Donc, le gobetage peut sauvegarder le rendement de Pleurotus cystidiosus pendant les périodes de fortes pluies et les plus chaudes de l’année.Mots clés : Myciculture, rendement, température, substrat, pleurote. English Title: Casing test of Pleurotus cystidiosus mycelia in Kinshasa in D.R. CongoHeavy rains and heat have been shown to reduce the yields of Pleurotus cystidiosus. The aim of this study was to find an appropriate method to cultivate Pleurotus cystidiosus by preventing its fall in yield during high temperatures season of the year. Two techniques, namely that of the cultivation on the shelf and the casing, were used as treatment each applied to a sample of 30 bags of inoculated substrate. The average temperatures were 28.2 °C for the rainy season and 25.5 °C for the dry season. Analysis of variance revealed a highly significant difference (p≤0.0000) between the yield obtained with the culture on the shelf and that obtained with the casing. This difference was only seen during the hot weather. The average yields were respectively 378.8 ± 39.5 g in the rainy season and 474.3 g ± 50.1 g in the dry season for shelf cultivation and 638.7 ± 64.8 g in the rainy season and 531.3 ± 94.03 g in the dry season for casing. These results suggest that casing can safeguard the yield of Pleurotus cystidiosus during the hottest periods of the year.Keywords: Myciculture, yield, temperature, substrate, pleurotus.

Evaluation of Using Spent Mushroom Sawdust Wastes for Cultivation of Auricularia polytricha

The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of different spent mushroom sawdust wastes (SMSWs) and different proportions of SMSWs as potential substrates for the cultivation of Auricularia polytricha by evaluating yield and biological efficiency of the fruiting body. Nine SMSWs were respectively utilized as the main ingredient in the cultivation of A. polytricha. Then, spent Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus cystidiosus, and Pleurotus ostreatus sawdust wastes were screened among these nine SMSWs to be utilized as substrate and to determine the suitable proportion of SMSW in the cultivation of A. polytricha based on their yields and biological efficiencies. The highest yield and biological efficiency (total of two flushes) of A. polytricha cultivation on a single SMSW substrate was obtained with spent P. eryngii sawdust waste, followed by spent P. cystidiosus and P. ostreatus sawdust wastes. These three SMSWs were then applied in nine combination substrates, which were screened based on yield and biological efficiency for cultivation of A. polytricha. The combination substrate with the highest yield and biological efficiency of A. polytricha cultivation was P. eryngii (PES) + P. cystidiosus spent sawdust (PCYS) (235.4 g/bag yield and 58.85% biological efficiency); its yield was 1.62 folds higher than that of the control. From the results, we found that it was feasible to use spent sawdust wastes of P. eryngii and P. cystidiosus to replace sawdust for cultivation of A. polytricha.

IbKIK JAMUR TIRAM VARIETAS GREY OYSTER DALAM RANGKA PENGEMBANGAN SKIIL KEWIRAUSAHAAN MAHASISWA IKIP PGRI JEMBER

Jamur tiram varietas grey oyster yang sedang dikembangkan di IKIP PGRI Jember merupakan salah satu jamur tiram hibrida yang diperoleh dari rekayasa kultur jaringan dengan persilangan secara fusi protoplasma antara jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) dan jamur tiram cokelat (Pleurotus cystidiosus) dan memiliki prospek kedepan yang sangat baik untuk dikembangkan, dapat memberikan banyak manfaat serta memiliki dampak positif baik bagi IKIP sendiri maupun masyarakat luas. Model usaha jamur tiram putih yang dijalankan oleh Unit IbIKK pada tahun pertama masih bertumpu pada persilangan vareietas jamur tiram, produksi baglog serta difersivikssi produk dari jamur tiram, namun untuk tahun kedua dan ketiga akan lebih bervariasi, yaitu produksi jamur varietas baru hasil persilangan secara masal, penjualan baglog, jasa paket kemitraan investasi usaha tani jamur tiram, dan budidaya jamur tiram dengan sistem kemitraan. Usaha ini juga telah menjadi sarana pembelajaran mahasiswa, dan Dosen di wilayah IKIP PGRI Jember. Keywords— Jamur Tiram varietas Grey Oyster, Kewirausahaan, skill

The Effect of Selected Cultivation Factors on the Growth of Mycelium of Pleurotus cystidiosus Miller

Pleurotus cystidiosus occurs in natural areas in North America. Its carpophores are characterized by a slightly sweet and mild taste. Fruiting bodies of P. cystidiosus are valued as source of nutrients and biologically active substances. The aim of the study was the selection of the optimal incubation temperature and the best substrate for the fastest mycelium growth. Two cultivars of P. cystidiosus – B1 and B122 was taken. Incubation of mycelium was performed in the temperature range from 15 to 30 °C. The influence of a substrate made of wheat straw, hemp shives and energetic grasses – Panicum virgatum and Miscanthus × giganteus. The experiment compared the growth of mycelium on a substrate with wheat straw (control sample) and with wheat straw and the addition of hemp shives and energetic grass in increasing amounts: 10, 20 and 30%. It has been shown that the growth of mycelium of tested strains on different substrates varied. The best growth of mycelium occurred on the substrate with wheat straw and the addition of hemp shives, P. virgatum and M. × giganteus in the amounts of 20% and 30%. The temperature of incubation also had a significant impact on the growth of the mycelium of P. cystidiosus. The optimal temperature was 25 °C. An investigation of the mutual dependence between morphological and qualitative characteristics of the type of agar medium allows optimization of the production of P. cystidiosus. The development of a low-cost and simple method for the production of P. cystidiosus can contribute to the introduction of this species into intensive cultivation. Use of waste materials in mushroom production will significantly increase the profitability of crops and reduce their costs.