Evaluation of analgesic activity of levofloxacin in adult albino rats

Background: Levofloxacin is a fluorinated quinolone antimicrobial used in the treatment of various bacterial infections and was active against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Levofloxacin is an optically active isomer of ofloxacin. Apart from its antibacterial action, it also exhibit antinociceptive properties. This study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the analgesic activity of Levofloxacin in albino rat in comparison with aspirin.Methods: Thirty adult albino rats weighing 150-250 gm were obtained from central animal house. The animals were divided into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as control received normal feed and water. Group II served as standard received tablet aspirin 100 mg/kg (oral) and Group III, IV, V served as test T1, T2, T3 and received tablet levofloxacin 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg (oral), respectively. The analgesic effect of levofloxacin was evaluated using Eddy’s hot plate and tail flick methods and compared with standard analgesic aspirin. The values obtained were expressed as mean±SD. Statistical analysis of difference between groups were carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Probability p<0.05 was taken as the level of statistical significance.Results: Levofloxacin at 40 mg/kg showed statistically (p<0.05) elevation in pain threshold and a higher antinociceptive activity in comparison to control and standard groups.Conclusions: In the present study, levofloxacin has showed promising results as an analgesic when compared to the control and standard groups. It may be a lead compound for identifying newer adjuvant analgesic agents.

Unveiling the active isomer of cycloalanopine, a cyclic opine from Lactobacillus rhamnosus LS8, through synthesis and analog production

Stereochemistry of the antimicrobial isomer of a cyclic opine was determined by synthesis using oxidative cyclisation of a bis-hydrazide.

Theoretical calculation of influence of halogen at-oms (F, Cl, Br, I) on arylazopyridine (Azpy) ruthenium complexes behaving as photo sensitizers by DFT method

Photosensivity prediction of several azopyridine ruthenium complexes by DFT and TDDFT methods was performed. g-RuX2 (Azpy) 2 and d-RuX2(Azpy)2 where X stands for F, Cl, Br and I were studied todetermine their activities when halide atoms shift. So, frontier orbital, NBO, NLMO and MLCT transitions as well as an excited lifetime of those complexes was determined. The main difference between them stems from both the electronegativity of the halide atoms and the structure of each complex. Hence, the rank of halide's electronegativity that is as followscp(F)>cp (Cl)>cp (Br)>cp (I) has been discovered to influence all the reactivity of the complexes regardless their structure. Herein, the comparison with the gap energy shows that the most reactive complexes are those with fluorine atom. Especially, d-RuF2(Azpy)2 was admitted to be the most active isomer. Moreover, NBO calculation discloses that the complex becomes less ionic when the electronegativity decreases from F to I atoms. Furthermore, the calculation of NLMO orbitals shows that the bonding Ru-X are very strong. However, this strength decreases also from F to I and the nature of the bonding move from ionic to metallic. Moreover, the bonding from Npy and N2 with Ru are known to be the same confirming the bidentate state of Azpy ligand. Regarding the electronic prediction, the eight complexes are surely assumed to display MLCT transitions that originate the photosensitivity. However, the complex that requires the least energy remains d-RuF2(Azpy)2. This result was also determined by analyzing the excited lifetime that is the ability for a complex to longer linger in the cationic state. At last, we found out that with iodine atoms, the azopyridine ruthenium complex cannot behave as photosensitize dye insofar as I atom hides the main orbitals from Ru regardless the symmetry.

Thermal Spin Crossover Behaviour of Two-Dimensional Hofmann-Type Coordination Polymers Incorporating Photoactive Ligands

Two spin crossover (SCO)-active 2D Hofmann-type framework materials, [Fe(3-PAP)2Pd(CN)4] (A) and [Fe(4-PAP)2Pd(CN)4] (B) containing the photoactive azo-benzene-type ligands 3-phenylazo-pyridine (3-PAP) and 4-phenylazo-pyridine (4-PAP) were prepared. These materials form non-porous Hofmann-type structures whereby 2D [FeIIPd(CN)4] grids are separated by 3- or 4-PAP ligands. The iron(ii) sites of both materials (A and B) undergo abrupt and hysteretic spin transitions with characteristic transition temperatures T1/2↓,↑: 178, 190 K (ΔT: 12 K) and T1/2↓,↑: 233, 250 K (ΔT: 17 K), respectively. Photo-magnetic characterisations reveal light-induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) activity in both A and B with characteristic T(LIESST) values of 45 and 40 K. Although both free ligands show trans- to-cis isomerisation in solution under UV-irradiation, as evidenced via absorption spectroscopy, such photo-activity was not observed in the ligands or complexes A and B in the solid state. Structural analysis of a further non-SCO active isomer to B, [Fe(4-PAP)2Pd(CN)4]·1/2(4-PAP) (B·(4-PAP)), which contains free ligand in the pore space is reported.