Microbial Community in Biodegradation of Petrochemical Waste: Metabolic Potential, Biodiversity and Dynamics

The metabolic potential of microorganisms plays an important role in the biodegradation of petrochemical waste. The characteristics of the microbial community involved in industrial wastewater treatment have been reviewed in many studies. Within this review, a complete understanding was provided about the characteristics of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, micromycetes, and the role of enzymes in the biodegradation process. Data on the structure of the microbial community and the metabolic potential of individual strains are promising for improving the procedure for preliminary wastewater treatment with an increase in the spectrum of strains that can degrade more toxic and resistant xenobiotics. Deciphering the structure of the microbial community is the key to create a rationally and functionally stable purification system.

PHOSPHATE LINKING OF MINERAL THIN-MOLTED INDUSTRIAL WASTE

The article describes various methods of synthesizing heat-resistant binders based on large-tonnage wastes of enterprises. The use of pyrite butts and expanded clay dust, respectively, from the Chapayevsky Chemical Plant and the expanded clay plant of the city of Samara in the compositions of heat-resistant concrete on phosphate binders allowed to increase their residual strength in the zone of critical temperatures (1300-1350 °С). The refractoriness of these phosphate binders turned out to be very low (≈1300 °С), which required the use of such a method of its increase as the introduction of fine high-alumina fillers with high melting points into the composition of the binder. It was revealed and justified that the use of an alumina-chromium petrochemical waste IM-2201 allowed to increase the refractoriness of the heat-resistant composition to 1600 °С. On the basis of the developed alumina-iron-phosphate, zirconyliron- phosphate and alumino-silicophosphate binders, the compositions of heavy concrete with chamotte and high-aluminous aggregates of grades 400 and 500 were selected.

THE PROSPECT OF USING AN OLIGOMER FROM PETROCHEMICAL BY-PRODUCTS MODIFIED WITH SECONDARY POLYSTYRENE FOAM TO PROTECT WOOD MATERIALS

In the age of information technology and the age of polymers, there are more and more tasks in scientific researches on chemistry and chemical technology. Such a phenomenon is explained by the fact that humanity develops very quickly. Consequently, the needs are enhancing dramatically, and therefore everyone objectively understands that natural resources decrease annually. The time will come when nature will not be enough for human existence. To plant a tree is not to build a house, but the construction of a wooden house requires more than one tree that grows over the years. In this paper, the authors try to prolong the life of various products and materials made of cheap wood species by using waste from production, which may partially ensure the preservation of nature. The article presents the results on the use of oligomer from petrochemical waste for the protective treatment of wood materials and high-density fiberboard (HDF). The dosage of secondary expanded polystyrene to oligomer from polybutadiene by-products varies from 10 to 40 %. The obtained samples of fiberboard, birch, linden and aspen are examined for resistance to water and moisture. The results indicate that the samples have high strength properties and resistance to water and moisture. Thus, the integrated use of waste and by-products allows them to be disposed and to be used for protective treatment of wood products, which contributes to improving the formability and service life of products.