CONSERVATION AREA «KURUMBEL STEPPE» (PRAIRIE)

In the focus of present investigation was the area called «Kurumbel steppe» (prairie) which is spread. It is situated between the Irtysh river and lake Chany. To maintain the unique ecosystem of these West-Siberian steppes (prairies), their efficient and economically feasible usage a number of campaigns were suggested.

The elemental composition of soils of saline agrolandscapes of the Prichanovskaya depression and their sanitary and hygienic assessment

The elemental composition of the soil was studied in the mesorelief of the former water area of the Yudinsky stretch of Lake Chany. The study was carried out in two soil sections that are in geochemical conjugation: meadow-chernozem weakly-solodic loamy sand soil in the eluvial landscape position and meadow-marsh saline heavy-loamy soil in the accumulative landscape. Soils differ significantly in both redox and acid-base conditions: the distribution of humus in the soil profile, pH values, the content of physical clay, cation exchange capacity. Distribution of the predominant number of macroand microelements (with the exception of silicon) in the saline agrolandscape of the Prichanovskaya depression is characterized by their accumulation in the meadowmarsh saline heavy loam soil as a result of water migration and subsequent fixation in the form of slow-moving compounds. The content of elements in the accumulative position is on average 2-3 times higher than in the eluvial one. Macroelements iron and aluminum migrate down the relief in the form of sesquioxides in the composition of the clay fraction. The accumulation of calcium and magnesium is associated with the carbonatization of the soil profile. Trace elements zinc, copper, cadmium, lead are deposited on the alkaline barrier in the profile of meadow chernozem soil at a depth of 95 cm and below, in a meadow-marsh saline soil from the surface, molybdenum is concentrated in the upper horizons of the soil profile on the evaporation barrier, manganese on humus and gley meadow-bog soil, nickel and cobalt on humus and clay, chrome in salt accumulations. An imbalance of copper and molybdenum, iron and manganese, calcium and strontium is observed in the soils of both the eluvial and accumulative positions, which indicates a deficiency of molybdenum and manganese and an excess of strontium in the landscape soils in general. There is an excess of permissible sanitary and hygienic standards for the content of strontium and barium in the accumulative positions in the entire thickness of the soil profile of meadow-marsh saline heavy-loamy soil. The content of arsenic and, especially, boron exceeds the MPC values in the landscape as a whole.

THE ISOLATION OF INFLUENZA A VIRUS FROM PLUMAGE OF WATERFOWL DURING AUTUMN MIGRATION

Aim. In the present work we investigated the circulation of AIV in wild bird populations and studied the sorption of the influenza virus in the feathers of wild waterfowl nesting on reservoirs during the autumn mass migration. Material and methods. Sampling was carried out on the territory of the Novosibirsk region on Lake Chany during the period from August to September 2014-2016. Biological samples were collected from 188 wild waterfowl of various species. AIV isolation from cloacal swabs and swabs collected from feathers was carried out in the developing chick embryo system (RCC) as previously recommended. The isolated viruses were tested by HA/HI with specific sera, PCR analysis was carried out with subtyping primers. The genomes of the isolated viruses were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Results and discussion. As a result of monitoring, cloacal and feather swabs were collected from 188 individuals belonging to 13 species of the Anseriformes and Charadriiformes, whose representatives are the main natural reservoir of AIV. Fifteen new AI viruses were isolated from the collected samples. Four of them were isolated from plumage samples and the rate was more than 2 times lower, compared with virus isolation from cloacal swabs. Main conclusions. Thus, it can be assumed that avian influenza virus transmission by plumage during migration is not sufficiently taken into account. The key role in AIV ecology may play the virus spreading by its adsorption on bird feathers.