INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICE IN THE ORKHON-YENISEI MONUMENTS

Runic writing became widespread among the Turkic-speaking tribes of Southern Siberia, Central and Central Asia during the historical period when these tribes were part of the largest Central Asian state of the early Middle Ages — the Turkic Khaganate. The first information about the Turk tribe is contained in Chinese sources — the dynastic histories as "Zhou Shu", "Bei Qi Shu", "Sui Shu" and "Bei Shi". The Chinese spelling of the ethnonym-tujue is reconstructed as turkut; this latter form of the ethnonym is unknown in other (non-Chinese) literary monuments of the VI-X centuries. According to historical sources, the design of the name Turk by the plural affix - (y)/, characteristic of the Mongolian languages — is a consequence of the perception of the ethnonym by the Chinese through the medium of the Mongolian-speaking Zhuan-zhuans.

At The Cross Of History Of Archives And Archaeology: M.E. Masson's Personal Archive Fund As An Important Historical Source

This article is devoted to the historical source analysis of the personal fund R-2773, kept in the National Archives of Uzbekistan by archaeologist Masson Mikhail Evgenevich. The article also analyzes a number of research papers stored in the private fund, a scientific article on the organization of the Department of Archeology at the Central Asian State University (now the National University of Uzbekistan), the educational process, the department's cooperation. In particular, the article analyzes some of the scholar's scientific work in the field of archives.

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE IN UZBEKISTAN (20-80S OF THE XX-TH CENTURY)

The Article being considered the history of the creation and development of geological science in Uzbekistan using the example of the activities of scientists from Central Asian State University and Tashkent State University.Special attention is paid to the study of the practical orientation of geological surveys, fieldwork and laboratory research. As well as, shown is the phased discoveries, based on the research of University staff and their training of scientific personnel, specialized research institutions in the field of geology

Central Asian States

This chapter describes the experiences of five Central Asian states—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan—with international law over the past three decades, identifying some of the distinctive features of Central Asian states’ approaches towards international law. The commonalities in the stance of Central Asian states on matters of international law are determined by the context of their emergence as sovereign states at the end of the Cold War, their common history as former Soviet republics, their belonging to the Eurasian group of continental legal systems, and their common status as landlocked developing states. At the same time, each Central Asian state has its own specifics, with differences in their foreign policy priorities, levels of economic development, and resource endowment. The chapter then reviews the participation of Central Asian states in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), particularly their experiences with the CIS Economic Court.

Bitter campaign sours Kyrgyz democratic prospects

Significance The election campaign became unexpectedly acrimonious as the outgoing president, who supported Sooronbay Jeenbekov, launched repeated verbal attacks on Omurbek Babanov. Jeenbekov was declared winner and losing candidate Babanov called for stability. Despite problems, Jeenbekov's election on October 15 was the first democratic transfer of power from one president to another in any Central Asian state. Impacts When a new government is formed in the coming weeks, Sapar Isakov likely to be kept in place as prime minister. Babanov may carve out a new role, perhaps uniting the fractious and ego-filled opposition into a more cohesive force. Kyrgyz nationalist politicians may need to rethink their policies after their candidate Adakhan Madumarov's spectacularly dismal showing.

Elite preferences and transparency promotion in Kazakhstan

This paper evaluates the factors that shape the establishment of transparent institutions in resource-rich countries with a specific focus on Kazakhstan. Specifically, it draws upon indepth interviews and analysis of key institutions to understand the pace and intensity of transparency reforms in the Central Asian state. It argues that external transparency promotion can lead to institutional reform only when it is matched with strong elite incentives in favor of reforms. Kazakhstan has had few incentives to comply with Western-initiated norms before 2014, an era of relative economic security. As a consequence, the political elite often stalled the successful implementation of reforms. However, the economic turbulence following the fall of oil prices and Russia’s annexation of Crimea have motivated the Kazakh government to embrace the norm of transparency in order to attract foreign investment.

Irrigation and the Rise of the State in Hunza: A Case for the Hydraulic Hypothesis

The former princely state of Hunza (now part of Pakistan's Northern Areas District) commands one of the largest and most complex irrigation systems in the whole of the western Karakoram mountain range. Built during the 18th century, Hunza's hydraulic works contributed significantly to the emergence of this small Central Asian state. Few writers, however, have explored the role of irrigation in Hunza's political evolution. Müller-Stellrecht (1981:55) has made some passing observations about the economic importance of irrigation in her paper on traditional Hunzakut society, Kreutzmann (1988) has provided some historical facts concerning the building of the canals and the present-day water distribution system in Hunza, while the French geographer Charles (1985) presents a significant body of data on Hunza's hydraulic works, but entirely from a physical perspective. In this paper, which is based on ethnohistorical data gathered during field research in Hunza, in 1990 and 1991, I examine the role of irrigation in the process of state formation in Hunza.