Comparison of commercial disinfectants and an in loco-produced solution: free residual chlorine decay in human supply waters

Disinfection process is used in the treatment of water for human supply to promote sanitary safety and provide users with drinking water that meets potability standards. Thus, it is necessary to sustain a minimal concentration of free residual chlorine (FRC) throughout the entire distribution system. The present study investigated the decay process of FRC concentration in water destined for human supply. The decay was evaluated in bench-scale testing, using sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, sodium dichloroisocyanurate (organic chlorine) as disinfectant agents, and also an alternative disinfectant solution (ADS) produced in loco, with oxidizing and disinfectant properties, which is being used in Brazilian sanitation industry. To evaluate the decay, four models were fitted: first-order, nth-order, limited first-order and parallel first-order, hence determining the corresponding parameters which describe the decay speed of the FRC concentration in water. Achieved results demonstrated that all models were statistically significant and predictive. However, parallel first-order model produced the best fit. Regarding the evaluated disinfectants, it was noted the preeminence of ADS solution when compared to the others, since it imparted a higher FRC over time, a behavior indicated by lower values for reaction rate constant in all models and when compared to other disinfectants used in this study.

Milk quality and its technological suitability for processing after the disinfection of the udder teats in cows

Experiments on the study of preclinical evaluation of disinfectants based on chlorhexidine bigluconate hydrochloride / aloe tree oil (CGB aloe) and polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride / eucalyptus oil (Teasfoam Supercow) showed their low hazard when exposed to warm-blooded animals. Disinfectants are assigned to the fourth hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007-76. The concentration of Staph. aureus, Strep. agalactiae was lower when teats were immersed in Teasfoam Supercow disinfectant solution before and after milking, compared to untreated teats. It is concluded that the application of CGB aloe is very efficient against Staph. aureus, Strep. Agalactiae, E. coli and Strep. uberis. Based on the results of scientific and economic experience, it can be concluded that controlled disinfection of the udder teats with a disinfectant CGB aloe before and after milking cows with high milk yield does not prevent udder teat hyperkeratosis in 2.4% of animals. In addition, subclinical mastitis is diagnosed in 12.1%; 3.3% of cows during the disinfection of the udder teats with Teasfoam Supercow were diagnosed hyperkeratosis of the udder teats. Another 12.9% of animals had subclinical mastitis. Udder teats of control animals were not disinfected. Udder hyperkeratosis was diagnosed in 5.4% of cows. Another 26.5% of the animals fell ill with subclinical mastitis. In cows, after controlled disinfection of the udder teats, an increase in milk production by 1-2 liters was observed. No color, taste or odor changes were observed in the milk. It has been proven that teats disinfection reduces the number of bacteria on the teats skin, improves the sanitary milk quality and its manufacturability.

A Study on the Behavior Patterns of Liquid Aerosols Using Disinfectant Chloromethylisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone Solution

This study evaluates the behavioral characteristics of components (methylisothiazolinone (MIT) and chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT)) contained in disinfectant solutions when they convert to liquid aerosols. The analytical method for MIT and CMIT quantitation was established and optimized using sorbent tube/thermal desorber-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system; their behavioral characteristics are discussed using the quantitative results of these aerosols under different liquid aerosol generation conditions. MIT and CMIT showed different behavioral characteristics depending on the aerosol mass concentration and sampling time (sampling volume). When the disinfectant solution was initially aerosolized, MIT and CMIT were primarily collected on glass filter (MIT = 91.8 ± 10.6% and CMIT = 90.6 ± 5.18%), although when the generation and filter sampling volumes of the aerosols increased to 30 L, the relative proportions collected on the filter decreased (MIT = 79.0 ± 12.0% and CMIT = 39.7 ± 8.35%). Although MIT and CMIT had relatively high vapor pressure, in liquid aerosolized state, they primarily accumulated on the filter and exhibited particulate behavior. Their relative proportions in the aerosol were different from those in disinfectant solution. In the aerosol with mass concentration of ≤5 mg m−3, the relative proportion deviations of MIT and CMIT were large; when the mass concentration of the aerosol increased, their relative proportions constantly converged at a lower level than those in the disinfectant solution. Hence, it can be concluded that the behavioral characteristics and relative proportions need to be considered to perform the quantitative analysis of the liquid aerosols and evaluate various toxic effects using the quantitative data.

Efficacy of disinfecting inanimate surfaces against coronavirus: a systematic review

Human coronaviruses tend to persist on dry surfaces for 2 to 9 days, necessitating infection control and prevention protocols using biocidal agents. This systematic review aimed to answer the following focused question: What is the effectiveness of disinfectants on inanimate surfaces against the coronavirus? The acronym “PICOS” was used to represent the eligibility of studies: P = population (inanimate surfaces contaminated with coronavirus); I = intervention (disinfectants); C = comparison (studies with any type of control or studies that used a control group); O = outcomes (coronavirus inactivation on different types of inanimate surfaces); and S = study design (in vitro studies). The seven databases used were PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Web of Science, Scopus, LIVIVO, and Cochrane Library. The gray literature was also used as an information source through Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Open Gray. The search resulted in 6639 references, and 21 articles were used in the qualitative analysis. The results showed that all studied biocidal solutions provided some degree of decontamination and inactivation of the coronavirus, depending on the concentration of the disinfectant solution, the time of exposure of the product to the pathogen and the type of surface.

Scientific justification of the methods on disinfection and sanitation in beekeeping

There are no specific protection means (vaccines) in beekeeping. To control infectious diseases of bees, various medicinal preparations are used: antibiotics, sulfonamides, bacteriophages, but they do not lead to the improvement of apiaries without disinfection. Disinfection preparations for the disinfection of beekeeping facilities according to the current situation are approved for use by developers and manufacturers themselves. Often, the proposed preparations for disinfection of beekeeping facilities are studied with large methodological errors, which leads to negative consequences for effectiveness of health measures. In order to eliminate methodological errors, methods have been developed for determining the nature and amount of microbial protection on test objects, the procedure for applying the disinfectant solution and its consumption per 1 m2 of surface, the method and procedure for taking a sample from the disinfected surface, neutralizing the disinfectant, determining the concentration of non-disinfected microorganisms. The use of developed methods in testing of new disinfectants allows to obtain reliable results of disinfection of various objects of beekeeping.

DESINFECTION SOCIALIZATION OF MAKING DENTURES FOR AVOIDING CROSS INFECTION IN DENTAL ARTISANS AT KECAMATAN SAMBENG, LAMONGAN CITY

Background: Since time immemorial the existence of dental artisans has been neglected, even though many members of the community are involved as consumers of existing dental artisans. The dental artisans at Resik Village, Sambeng sub-district, Lamongan City do not yet know the dangers of cross infection when making dentures and how to do to prevent it. Objective: This activity aims to increase the awareness of dental artisans to avoid cross-infection between dental artisans and consumers. Method: This activity for the Resik Village community was carried out in the form of socialization to dental artisan partners, demonstrations on how to use disinfectant materials to dental artisans, as well as evaluation and monitoring of programs in the field. Results: This activity program was attended by 40 dental artisan participants where only 10 participants participated face-to-face due to the Covid 19 pandemic. Thirty other participants were given a video socialization of the activity. Disinfection socialization activities were carried out in 2 ways, namely disinfection by immersing teeth in a disinfectant solution and by dipping the teeth in a disinfectant solution. spray method. Conclusion: The participants gained additional knowledge about cross-infection, the consequences of these infections, and how to carry out disinfection when making dentures.

Design of hand-wash equipment prevention Covid-19 use solar energy

SARSCOV-2 virus and new strains have been spreading in most countries and regions around the world, the COVID-19 epidemic it causes has infected millions of people, the urgent need is to prevent their spread. On the market, there are many types of hand wash equipment automatically spray disinfectant solution used with many different sensors and operating principles, but most are still using AC power. In this topic, we design automatic hand-wash equipment by applying the transmitter and receiver principle of the moving infrared sensor circuit and delay relay circuit to detect someone appearing in the observation area, click activating the MP3 reader circuit plays the 5D (5D-Dodge - Disinfection - Distance – Dismeeting - Declare) propaganda sound about Covid -19 disease prevention and the position sensor activates the mini-pump to spray the hand-washing gel within a certain detecting distance. We have conducted experiments and completed our projects with devices that use energy from solar cells, through charging circuits and storage batteries to use renewable energy, minimizing the impact of the greenhouse effect.

APPLICATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTIVATED SOLUTION ON BROCCOLI SEEDS

Electrochemical activated solution possesses a wide variety of antimicrobial activities. Electrochemical activated solution (EAS) has been known as a super disinfectant solution with the promote ability in killing most of bacteria and fungi and safe for human use. Therefore, it has been studied and used in many different areas of life such as medication, food processing industry, etc., However, there are few reported the effect of EAS in agriculture. This study was conducted to determine the effects of using EAS to treat broccoli seeds on seed germination rate and growth of sprouts. The EAS was generated from KCl solution, the EAS was diluted with distilled water at 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1 strengths of the source EAS. The results showed that treating seeds with EAS could reduce the quantity of microorganism on the surface of broccoli seeds, without affecting seed germination rate and sprout growth. The 0.3 strength EAS (pH 6,7; oxidants concentration of 8,6 ppm; ORP 560 mV) was the most suitable solution for microorganism killing on broccoli seeds.