Influence of sociocultural factors on the development of sports

Sport is a complex and contradictory phenomenon of our time. The relevance of this study is due to the need to answer a number of questions related to determining its place among the values of modern society and person, identifying the possibility of realizing the humanistic potential of modern sport, as well as the most significant problems of its development in the context of globalization. These questions are related to the study of the influence of sociocultural factors on the development of sport. The purpose of this article is to study the influence of national traditions, the social structure of society, as well as globalization processes on the development of sport. It is shown that sport is a reflection of the national systems within which it developed. It is noted that the essence and significance of sport changes under the influence of sociocultural factors. Sport not only reflects a certain value system of society, but also popularizes and strengthens it. It is able to form its own subculture, values that differ from the generally accepted ones, from the values of other components of the sociocultural system. It is shown that modern trends in the sport development such as individualization, massification, desacralization, rationalization, and universalization are consistent with the main provisions of the concept of global development of A. de Benoist. It is emphasized that in the context of globalization, the values of traditional sport are being transformed, which leads to the dehumanization of the sport movement, the dominance of a technocratic style of thinking, to the politicization, commercialization of modern sport, the use of doping to improve sports results, etc. The globalization of sport has become a kind of cultural intervention that encroaches on national traditions and foundations. The positive and negative impact of mass media on the sport development is noted. On the one hand, they promote popularization of sport, and on the other, turn it into a consumer product. The subject of sale and consumption now is not only a sport spectacle, sport equipment, but also the athletes themselves, their image, lifestyle, and moral principles. It is hoped that the formula “unity in diversity” will become a natural axiom not only for the development of sport, but also for the whole of humanity

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cultural Education Training: Cultural Competence and Cultural Intelligence Development among Nursing Students

Background: Since 2012, education standards in medical faculties in Poland have allowed medical universities to introduce content related to multiculturalism. On the one hand, this creates a necessity to introduce new strategies, forms, and techniques of education aimed at the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes in terms of multiculturalism. On the other hand, there is a need to evaluate their effects. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the cultural competence and cultural intelligence of master’s degree nursing students before the commencement of and two months after cultural education training in the form of the intercultural communication workshops included in the study program. Methods: The following questionnaires were used in the study: the Cross-Cultural Competence Inventory (CCCI) and the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS). Two consecutive classes (2019 and 2020) of master’s nursing students were tested twice (pre-test, post-test). The study was conducted at a leading medical university that educates nurses at a master’s level in Poland. In total, 130 master’s nursing students took part in this evaluative study: 64 individuals in 2019 (study 1) and 66 individuals in 2020 (study 2). Results: In comparison to the pre-test, the post-test showed that the surveyed students in both study 1 and study 2 obtained significantly higher overall results in terms of cultural intelligence (p = 0.001; p = 0.004, respectively) as well as in the behavioral (p = 0.001; p = 0.002) and cognitive (p = 0.001; p = 0.008, respectively) subscales. The cultural competence results were also higher overall, but the difference was insignificant. Conclusions: The study shows the efficiency of training/workshops in the development of culturally specific knowledge and cultural intervention skills. At the same time, it postulates the need to plan and organize cultural education programs in a form that aims to improve the development of culturally sensitive attitudes.

HARTE DAN TUNGGUAN : REDEFINISI ADAT TUNGGU TUBANG PADA KOMUNITAS SEMENDE MIGRAN

Semende community at Muara Sahung, Bengkulu is ethnic group who migrated from Semende origin (Muara Enim) in South Sumatra Province. Semende community in this Muara Sahung coexist with various communities with a strong patrilineal culture value, where inheritance of property prefer men. In contrast to Semende cultural, with tunggu tubang customary, women (especially the eldest daughter) are important public and preferably as a ruler, and guards who utilize the inheritance his parents. As a cultural identity, tunggu tubang in Muara Sahung community still sustained. But the strong cultural intervention from the communities around it, then going on redefinition of tunggu tubang custom. The process of redefinition is done by the conceptualization of inheritance against itself, so that gave rise to the concept of tungguan (usually in the form of a house), and harte (usually in the form of land). The conceptualization of this custom was eventually also carry consequences where mastery against the tungguan more left to the woman (tunggu tubang), while mastery against harte were handed to men (jenang).

Finding Meaning in Intermedial Gaps

Media is generally conceptualized as any communicative conduit that conveys ideas or meaning between one place or person and another. However, media products—and particularly intermedial products—do not always transmit meanings and ideas smoothly. This chapter explores a series of historical and contemporary media objects and performances that do not facilitate “successful” transfers of meaning, partly due to their intermedial configurations. Each of these media objects and performances both conceal and reveal, either accidentally as a byproduct of experimentation with the medium’s modalities or purposefully as an aesthetic, social, or cultural intervention. The author argues that these concealments and intermedial “gaps” generate new modes of expression, new artistic experiences for audiences and performers, and new conceptual understandings of existing genres and media.

Historical memory in the management of cultural security system of Russian society

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a model of management of cultural security of Russian society.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological foundation of this research consists in comprehensive approach and activity approach, which make it possible to comprehend specific aspects of cultural security management as an element of the national security system. The research uses a riskologic approach, which reveals the nature of modern risks and threats to cultural security in the information society. A constructivist approach is used, from the perspective of which the interaction between cultural identity and historical memory of society is analyzed.FindingsIt has been found that historical memory is one of the factors that are able to ensure cultural security of society in the context of threats associated with the processes of cultural intervention, current geopolitical confrontation, during which information and psychological methods of destructive influence on the cultural identity of peoples are abundantly used. Therefore, in the system for managing cultural security of society, one should use a historical memory resource aimed at preserving the cultural identity of the people and transmitting it to the coming generations.Originality/valueIt has been substantiated that the growing geopolitical confrontation in the world and the crisis state of the spiritual realm of Russian society bring up the question of state responsibility for the cultural situation and the need to implement an effective national cultural policy. It has been established that only through the reliance on the cultural factor, crisis phenomena can be overcome and social stability and civil society consolidation can be achieved. The role of historical memory in the preservation of cultural identity of the people and ensuring cultural security of Russian society in the context of external and internal threats has been identified. In order to preserve and transmit historical memory, one should use all the structures responsible for the process of socialization of an individual: family, educational system, mass media, cultural establishments and leisure industry.