The Northern Sea Route as a New Route for Maritime Transport between the Far East and Europe

Asian countries such as China, Malaysia, India or Bangladesh belong to the largest producers of consumer goods in the world that is mainly transported by container vessels to other parts of the world. One of the busiest maritime trade route is the route between Europe and Asia. It leads through the North Pacific, Indian and the North Atlantic Oceans and their seas. There is also an alternative trade route that runs along the coast of the Russian Federation across the Arctic Ocean. On one hand the ice in this area is gradually declining due to global warming, on the other hand the duration of navigation times is being extended for several months of the year. One of the advantages of this route is the reduction of sailing times between Asian and European maritime ports. The basic goals of the paper are to focus on the current transport situation on this trade route and a new trade route that leads along the coast of Russia.

Decision support system for customers during availability of trade-credit financing with different pricing situations

This study introduces a decision-making policy for a two-warehouse system with a non-instantaneous deteriorating product for credit facility with demand depending on the product price. Two different selling prices are considered in the deterioration and non-deterioration periods. Shortages are partially considered and dependent on the duration of the arrival of fresh lot. Alternative trade-credit is applied herein, and several situations are investigated in this approach. The optimization problems of the situations are solved using an interval-oriented multi-section technique via interval mathematics and its order relations. Three numerical examples are studied and solved to validate the said problem.

A CGE Analysis of Indonesia's Free Trade Agreements

Using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) CGE model of the global economy, this essay analyses how much trade agreements between Indonesia and its top three trading partners – China, Japan, and the USA – could benefit Indonesia and those trading partners. In addition, an analysis of unilateral trade liberalization in Indonesia is included to provide a comparison of alternative trade liberalization policy strategies. The study conducts experiments by simulating the potential effect of the removal tariffs on imported merchandise under each liberalization scenario. The result suggests that the impact of trade liberalization is variable between strategies, but the greatest economic benefit is from the unilateral scenario. However, the restrictiveness of preferential RoO and other regulations in bilateral agreements would limit the scope for achieving the full benefit projected for the bilateral liberalization scenarios – discount rates of around 25 percent have been suggested.

Electronic Shopping Cart

The present paper is discussing the project's main goal and therefore the plan of proposing an answer to the present downside within the present state of affairs all the medium to massive size supermarkets/grocery stores. Therefore, it pretends to be a significant improvement in these things, and time is saved as an answer for the shoppers whereas buying these places. It is as a result of the massive progress and improvement of the IT trade throughout the past 55 years (and far more throughout the last decade), that this project had the chance to be developed and enforced. Currently, a day’s personal computers are getting terribly smaller and smaller, their processing is even quicker and higher (much additional efficient), and it's additionally less expensive than it absolutely was twenty-five years agone. This personal plan (and consequently, this project); which is explained very well during this document, tries to be a significant improvement within the retail business. The project development and implementation were complete focusings not solely on the grocery stores, and food supermarkets/butcher retailers, and additionally massive malls. However, these ideas and styles may be cipher too in many totally different sectors, like the textile trade, entertainment-related business (videogames, music, movies…), books, toys… and no matter the alternative trade of products that the retail company is commercialism. therefore the initiative and section of this document are that the rationalization of the most motivations and things that originated this concept, therefore as its analysis, design, and implementation, for in a while showing the plausible enhancements which may be enclosed within the system and therefore the real implementation of the first plan is additionally been mentioned within the paper itself.

Sustainability Perception of Local Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Consumers’ Attitude: A New Italian Perspective

Extra virgin olive oil sustainability shows that it is strictly connected to local production and certifications. However, consumers’ behaviour toward a local product is tied with the information exchange between producers and consumers. The aim of the research is to analyse, using a logistic regression model, if the attitudes, habits, and behaviours of the consumers influence their opinion on the sustainability of local extra virgin olive oil, relative to the three dimensions of sustainability (environmental, socio-cultural, and economic). This study tries to combine studies about agri-food sustainability and consumers’ behaviour about local consumption, in an attempt to evaluate their attitude towards an agroecology food regime. Indeed, this information can be useful in order to plan adequate and specific interventions to improve the sustainability of the extra virgin olive oil production. The results indicate that the opinion about the sustainability of local extra virgin olive oil is linked to the information exchange between producers and consumers. This confirms that local alternative trade channels require numerous interventions in order to simplify and improve such exchange, both from a managerial and political point of view. Moreover, it can be useful to develop the information and communication technologies, in order to ensure the reliability, the transparency, and the security of the information exchange. This can also be useful to prevent frauds that are very common for this product.

RUSSIA – LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES COOPERATION PROSPECTS

Today there is a situation where the Russian Federation can become one of the significant players in the Latin American space, which in the future will help reduce foreign policy risks and strengthen Moscow’s negotiating positions. The decisive role in shaping the future of the Latin American region will be played by the strategic rivalry between the US and China in the face of the declining role of the EU and Russia's attempts to strengthen its positions here. Finding a balance of interests between the US, China and Russia in Latin America will mean the formation of a geopolitical triangle in the region, which will lead to a further expansion of alternative trade, economic and political opportunities for the countries of the Caribbean Basin.

The Ambivalence of Structural Power: Alternative Trade Unions Challenging Transnational Automotive Companies in Russia

Russia’s traditional system of employment relations was marked by an overt quiescence about past decades. From 2000 onwards, increasing numbers of transnational companies throughout Russia’s booming regions gave rise to the unfolding of an alternative union movement. In Kaluga, located south-west of Moscow, plant organisations successfully struggled to receive formal recognition as negotiating unions in foreign automobile firms, not shying away from open conflict. However, processes indicate their prospects for lasting consolidation go along with certain difficulties. Successes achieved are ostensibly the result of utilising workers’ strong primary bargaining power. The unions’ sole local focus of conflict, as well as the absence of employers’ associations, prevent negotiations for sectoral or regional agreements, possibly impairing unions’ associational power. Since societal power is practically absent, a substantial shift in power balances is not yet in sight.

Slowed Down Economisation: The Persistence of Alternative Trade Organisations

Have Swiss Alternative Trade Organizations (ATOs) valorized economic aspects at the expense of their social mission for the longer term? From a historical perspective (1974–2013), this article shows how these social enterprises have maintained their social purpose and inhibited the course of organizational economization. We identify three deceleration strategies: involving volunteers, direct trading partnerships with producers, focusing on the sales niche. The article shows how and why economization processes are malleable and not inevitable.