The chromatin regulator HMGA1a undergoes phase separation in the nucleus

The protein high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) is an important regulator of chromatin organization and function. However, the mechanisms by which it exerts its biological function are not fully understood. Here, we report that the HMGA isoform, HMGA1a, nucleates into foci that display liquid-like properties in the nucleus, and that the protein readily undergoes phase separation to form liquid condensates in vitro. By bringing together machine-learning modelling, cellular and biophysical experiments and multiscale simulations, we demonstrate that phase separation of HMGA1a is critically promoted by protein-DNA interactions, and has the potential to be modulated by post-transcriptional effects such as phosphorylation. We further show that the intrinsically disordered C-terminal tail of HMGA1a significantly contributes to its phase separation through cation-pi; and electrostatic interactions. Our work sheds light on HMGA1 phase separation as an emergent biophysical factor in regulating chromatin structure.

Sosio-Ekologi Masyarakat Sekitar Sabuk Hijau (Greenbelt) Waduk Jatigede

Green Belt area of the Jatigede Reservoir are located at an elevation of 260-262.5 masl covering 5 administrative districts namely Jatigede, Jatinunggal, Wado, Darmaraja and Cisitu. Spatialy is included into a local protected area which one the ownership of land is under the authority of the reservoir management. The phenomenon that occurred earlier in the dams in Indonesia are the green belt fields has degradation such as occupational settlement and conversion of agricultural land by civil society which does not convey the principles of soil and water conservation. Green belt area as buffer zone and an interface between the core zone (aquatic) and the outside of reservoir area (community settlement). The socioecological interaction between human and natural resources will always occur in the buffer zone. The object of this research is to learn of socio-ecology at green belt land as multifunctional area both for conservation and production function and in its utilization involving people affected by the construction of Jatigede dam. The method used is a concurrent quantitative-qualitative combination to explore the biophysical, social, economic and cultural characteristics and perception of the stakeholders about exictence the green belt of the Jatigede dam. The socio-ecology of civil society not use concept in land use plan green belt of jatigede reservoir is to make zonation based on biophysical factor that is zones of conservation and production. Keywords : Green belt, Jatigede Reservoir, Socio-ecology landscape

The Evolution of the Genetic Code from the Viewpoint of the Genetic 8-Dimensional Yin-Yang-Algebra

The set of known dialects of the genetic code is analyzed from the viewpoint of the genetic 8-dimensional Yin-Yang-algebra. This algebra was described in Chapter 7. The octet Yin-Yang-algebra is considered as the model of the genetic code. From the viewpoint of this algebraic model, for example, the sets of 20 amino acids and of 64 triplets consist of sub-sets of “male,” “female,” and “androgynous” molecules, and so forth. This algebra allows one to reveal hidden peculiarities of the structure and evolution of the genetic code and to propose the conception of “sexual” relationships among genetic molecules. The first results of the analysis of the genetic code systems from such an algebraic viewpoint speak about the close connection between evolution of the genetic code and this algebra. They include 7 phenomenological rules of evolution of the dialects of the genetic code. The evolution of the genetic code appears as the struggle between male and female beginnings. The hypothesis about new biophysical factor of “sexual” interactions among genetic molecules is proposed. The matrix forms of presentation of elements of the genetic octet Yin-Yang-algebra are connected with Hadamard matrices by means of the simple U-algorithm. Hadamard matrices play a significant role in the theory of quantum computers, in particular. It leads to new opportunities for the possible understanding of genetic code systems as quantum computer systems. Revealed algebraic properties of the genetic code allow one to put forward the problem of algebraization of bioinformatics on the basis of the algebras of the genetic code. The described investigations are connected with the question: what is life from the viewpoint of algebra?