Change and Stability in the Paternal Role Among Palestinian Fathers Living in Israel

In the current study, we expand the understanding of paternal involvement in the Arab world and studied paternal involvement among Palestinian fathers living in Israel. To address cultural and sociopolitical contexts, we investigated the paternal role in relation to modernization processes characterizing Palestinian society in Israel (education, tradition, and religiosity). To capture the variance in the paternal role, we assessed it as a multifaceted construct involving three dimensions: direct childcare, household chores, and taking care of bureaucracy and finances. Sixty-eight Palestinian couples participated in the study. Participating parents separately completed a questionnaire assessing parenting role division. In addition, participating fathers completed questionnaires assessing paternal religiosity, and traditionality. Results showed that among the different involvement types, Palestinian fathers are most involved in home-related financial and bureaucratic tasks (i.e., outside tasks). Compared to bureaucracy and finances, paternal involvement in direct childcare tasks was lower, and involvement in routine housework was the lowest. Among the modernity variables, fathers’ tertiary education, but not religiosity or traditionality, predicted increased paternal involvement in childcare tasks and routine housework. The study results suggest the continuous prominence of traditional gender role division among Palestinian fathers living in Israel and indicate a slight change among fathers with higher education. The relative prominence of indirect forms of paternal involvement found in our study highlight the importance of evaluating paternal involvement as a multifaceted construct involving both direct and indirect care tasks in collectivistic and traditional societies.

Nursing planning in complex pediatric neurosurgery procedures in a reference surgery center

Surgical Centers are essential and extremely complex sectors in health institutions, where the teams that compose them must act together so that the main objectives are achieved: that is, the patients' surgeries happen in the best possible way, with the minimization of damages and welcoming patients and their families. The need for a multidisciplinary approach is intensified in surgeries with unique specificities, such as pediatric neurosurgeries, where problems are anticipated and interventions are performed before patients are harmed. The article is an experience report of the activities of the Nurse at the Surgical Center of a Large University Hospital in the interior of the state of São Paulo related to the planning and execution of pediatric neurosurgery procedures. The results include the description of direct and indirect care activities in nursing care planning, the nursing process, the main nursing diagnoses found in pediatric neurosurgery patients.

Nursing care in the transfusion of blood components to surgical patients in the perioperative period

Introduction: blood transfusion consists of the administration of blood components intravenously in clinical or surgical treatments. In the preoperative period, it is performed with the objective of improving tissue oxygenation, as well as promoting hemodynamic and hemostatic balance. Objective: to understand nursing care in the transfusion of blood components to surgical patients in the perioperative period. Method: this is a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Grounded Theory was used, with constant comparative analysis. A total of 18 nurses and 28 nursing technicians from a university hospital took part in the study. Data were collected between October 2019 and February 2020, through a sociodemographic questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Results: the study resulted in the central category nursing care during transfusion, which gave rise to the categories: caring for before transfusion; caring for during transfusion; and caring for after transfusion, which were discussed according to the standardized nursing methodology. Conclusion: it was understood that nursing care is planned and implemented following an ordering of practices in a logical sequence due to the characteristics of the procedure in the perioperative period. Nurses demand indirect care; in contrast, nursing technicians engage in direct patient care.

Constrained flexibility of parental cooperation limits evolutionary responses to harsh conditions

Parental care is predicted to evolve to mitigate harsh environments, thus adaptive plasticity of care may be an important response to climate change. In biparental species, fitness costs may be reduced with plasticity of behavior among partners. We investigated this prediction with the burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis, by exposing them to contrasting benign and harsh thermal environments. We found strong fitness costs under the harsh environment, but rather than select for more care, visualized selection was stabilizing. Examining different components of care revealed positive directional selection gradients for direct care and strong stabilizing selection gradients for indirect care, resulting in constrained evolutionary responses. Further, because males and females did not coordinate their investments, the potential for adaptive plasticity was not enhanced under biparental care. Females cared at capacity with or without male partners, while males with partners reduced direct care but maintained indirect care levels. Decision rules were not altered in different environments, suggesting no shift from sexual conflict to cooperation. We suggest that the potential for parenting to ameliorate the effects of our climate crisis may depend on the sex-specific evolutionary drivers of parental care, and that this may be best reflected in components of care.

ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF FIRST DEGREE RELATIVES REGARDING HOME CARE OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to “Assess the knowledge of first degree relatives regarding home care of psychiatric patients in Gwalior Mansik Arogyashala. This topic focuses primarily the adaptation of the research method for the study. Research methodology gives a bird’s eye view of the entire process of tackling a research problem in a scientific and systematic way. Family members play a major role in providing care giving assistance to elderly persons and their families this include both the provision of direct and indirect care. Mental illness is an age old problem of mankind. It is documented in all cultures around the world in the oldest literature. Till recently, the actual cause of mental illness was not known and there were few effective treatment methods. Mental patients were often a source of disturbance to others. Mental health, rather than just those suffering from a mental illness, should be a problem for all of us. Care of a psychiatric patient based on non-residential psychiatric services in mental asylum that provide rehabilitation or care for people affected by a mental illness or psychiatric disabilities. Key Words: Mental illness, effective treatment, design, and sample, home care, psychiatric.

Paid parental leave and fathers’ involvement: capturing fathers’ gender beliefs and fathering perceptions

This study examines how multidimensional gender and fathering beliefs of fathers may explain their relative involvement in childcare after considering paid leave uptake. We draw on cross-sectional survey data from one German state, which allow us to distinguish three belief dimensions: (1) gender traditionalism and essentialism, (2) fathering attitudes, and (3) fathering self-concepts and self-efficacy. By means of multiple linear regression models we investigate how the different dimensions of gender and fatherhood beliefs relate to fathers’ relative involvement in basic and indirect childcare tasks. Our results show that gender (essentialist) ideologies and fatherhood attitudes were strongly associated with fathers’ relative involvement in both childcare domains. The higher fathers perceived self-efficacy in fathering, the more involved they were in basic but not indirect care. All belief dimensions mediated the positive association of fathers’ uptake of paid leave with their involvement in basic childcare.

Guardians of Care Humanization during the Pandemic: Child Neuropsychiatry Residents’ Experience as Volunteers in Italian COVID-19-Designated Hospitals

Objective. During the first months of 2020, the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread as an unprecedented pandemic. With the increasing number of hospitalizations, the resources of medical and nursing personnel needed for the direct and indirect care of patients were soon inadequate. Consistently, medical volunteers became a key human resource and young medical residents in any specialty were hired on a voluntary basis to contribute to take care of patients with COVID-19. This study reports on the lived experience of residents in child neuropsychiatry who volunteered in Italian hotspot COVID-19-designated hospitals during the epidemic outbreak.Methods. A phenomenological, qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions was used to obtain in-depth narratives of the experience of residents in child neuropsychiatry volunteering in the Italian hotspot COVID-19-designated hospitals. All residents (n=8) participated in the study. Interviews were conducted by an expert researcher trained in qualitative methods. Data analysis was performed by independent coders.Results. Five core themes were identified: Playing as a two-fold mediator, Facing the shock of COVID-19 reality, Capitalizing from the own specialty education, Growing as persons and professionals, and Humanizing medical care.Conclusions. This study is unique in providing an in-depth understanding of the experience of young residents in child neuropsychiatry volunteering in general hospitals during an unprecedented epidemic in Northern Italy. The findings suggest that this experience may be highly beneficial for both the residents and the hospital quality of care. Insights for accurate planning of residents’ engagement in future healthcare emergencies are provided.

Does Time for (in)Direct Nursing Care Activities at the End of Life for Patients With or Without Specialized Palliative Care in a University Hospital Differ? A Retrospective Analysis

Background: Nurses’ end of life (EoL) care focuses on direct (eg, physical) and indirect (e,g, coordination) care. Little is known about how much time nurses actually devote to these activities and if activities change due to support by specialized palliative care (SPC) in hospitalized patients. Aims: (1) Comparing care time for EoL patients receiving SPC to usual palliative care (UPC);(2) Comparing time spent for direct/indirect care in the SPC group before and after SPC. Methods: Retrospective observational study; nursing care time for EoL patients based on tacs® data using nonparametric and parametric tests. The Swiss data method tacs measures (in)direct nursing care time for monitoring and cost analyses. Results: Analysis of tacs® data (UPC, n = 642; SPC, n = 104) during hospitalization before death in 2015. Overall, SPC patients had higher tacs® than UPC patients by 40 direct (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.7-75, P = .023) and 14 indirect tacs® (95% CI: 6.0-23, P < .001). No difference for tacs® by day, as SPC patients were treated for a longer time (mean number of days 7.2 vs 16, P < .001).Subanalysis for SPC patients showed increased direct care time on the day of and after SPC ( P < .001), whereas indirect care time increased only on the day of SPC. Conclusions: This study gives insight into nurses’ time for (in)direct care activities with/without SPC before death. The higher (in)direct nursing care time in SPC patients compared to UPC may reflect higher complexity. Consensus-based measurements to monitor nurses’ care activities may be helpful for benchmarking or reimbursement analysis.

Father Involvement, Care, and Breadwinning: Genealogies of Concepts and Revisioned Conceptual Narratives

This paper addresses an enduring puzzle in fathering research: Why are care and breadwinning largely configured as binary oppositions rather than as relational and intra-acting concepts and practices, as is often the case in research on mothering? Guided by Margaret Somers’ historical sociology of concept formation, I conduct a Foucauldian-inspired genealogy of the concept of “father involvement” as a cultural and historical object embedded in specific histories, conceptual networks, and social and conceptual narratives. With the aim of un-thinking and re-thinking conceptual possibilities that might expand knowledges about fathering, care, and breadwinning, I look to researchers in other sites who have drawn attention to the relationalities of care and earning. Specifically, I explore two conceptual pathways: First the concept of “material indirect care”, from fatherhood research pioneer Joseph Pleck, which envisages breadwinning as connected to care, and, in some contexts, as a form of care; and second, the concept of “provisioning” from the work of feminist economists, which highlights broad, interwoven patterns of care work and paid work. I argue that an approach to concepts that connect or entangle caring and breadwinning recognizes that people are care providers, care receivers, financial providers, and financial receivers in varied and multiple ways across time. This move is underpinned by, and can shift, our understandings of human subjectivity as relational and intra-dependent, with inevitable periods of dependency and vulnerability across the life course. Such a view also acknowledges the critical role of resources, services, and policies for supporting and sustaining the provisioning and caring activities of all parents, including fathers. Finally, I note the theoretical and political risks of this conceptual exercise, and the need for caution when making an argument about fathers’ breadwinning and caregiving entanglements.