Design rules for timber log reciprocal floors, based on mass optimization under stiffness constraint

Building with raw timber allows to reduce the price of construction and to make it more competitive with respect to concrete or steel construction. For a few years now, the combination of parametric design and robotic tools make possible the fast and precise milling of timber logs for their accurate connection. However, the spans are quickly limited by the logs length. In this context, reciprocal structures are relevant, since they allow to build large spans structures with short beams. Finally, the architectural interest of reciprocal structures is not to prove. However, the choice of the most efficient reciprocal frame, as well as its structural relevance in terms of mass and stiffness is, most of the time, ruled by subjective considerations. This paper focuses on rectangular floors composed of reciprocal moduli and has three objectives: (1) to develop a general mass and stiffness optimization method for reciprocal floors, which is not only necessary to limit the price, but also to reduce their thickness, (2) to define design rules for reciprocal floors, in particular for the choice of the best engagement ratio, and (3) to compare the structural efficiency of reciprocal floors with the one of “traditional” floors with parallel logs. Coming from a dimensionless transformation of the equilibrium equations, the results of this article will thus give the designers keys to better design reciprocal structures, evaluate their structural performances and relevance, and justify their choices.

CONSTRUCTION EXPLORATION OF RECIPROCALDEPLOYABLE BAMBOO IN GRIDSHELL STRUCTURE SYSTEM

- Existence of the need for a semi-permanent or temporary shelters that are easily and quickly built for certain events, for this reason this study explored the potential of transformative wide-span structures with the development and development of usable and reciprocal structural systems in the form of bamboo gridshell roof structures, into an independent arrangement composed of configuration modules with computational assistance according to architectural design needs. This is done by knowing the adequante potential of structural systems, design patterns, and connection systems in several study objects that are evaluated by comparative methods on system structure, connections, trunk character, distribution load, structure locking system, and application. The benefits of research on bamboo research for new materials in the engineering of bamboo materials that can increase the value of Indonesian locality by being able to be used by the community are needed in using bamboo materials for the development of permanent permanent shade. In result, discussion of the criteria for structural systems according to research objectives analysis of the objects of the study where transformation structures based on character structures that can be used as reciprocal structures are supporting systems to provide stability and an independent locking system. both of these structures are flexible and easily duplicated structural systems so that according to the wide span structure, the structural system is designed to make a gridshell. this gridshell form is processed with computational help to effectively create reciprocaldeployable structure systems. The research was explored, experiments were carried out on reciprocal patterns to find the most stable patterns and change the character of straight rods into reciprocal rods that could be deployed using elements such as scissors, which then developed the connection type with potential analyzers and displacement of each connection. The experiment produced a new structural system by collecting the second structural system obtained by a structure that can be transformed, has an independent locking system, and can stretch wide with a gridshell shape. Keywords : reciprocal, deployable, dome, gridshell, transformable

Social Networks and the Willingness to Communicate: Reciprocity and Brokerage

Psychological models of second language (L2) communication have focused on cognitive, affective, and motivational precursors to L2 communication, while largely neglecting sociostructural factors. One way to conceptualize structural variables is in terms of social network reciprocity (mutually acknowledged network ties) and brokerage (social intermediaries). To investigate whether network positions predict willingness to communicate in the second language (L2 WTC), a cohort of English-for-Academic-Purposes students ( N = 67) was surveyed about discussion partners within the group. An autologistic actor attribute model was used to examine social network patterns of L2 WTC. As hypothesized, students involved in reciprocal structures reported stronger L2 WTC, as well as those in brokerage positions between larger social clusters. Contrary to initial hypotheses, local forms of brokerage held a negative association with WTC, suggesting the possible role of network closure. Results indicate that communicativeness is supported by tight-knit predictable exchanges, and by being in a position to influence the social diffusion of information.