A New Method for Mapping Active Joint Locations of Skeletons to Pre-Shape Space for Action Recognition

Being a class of effective feature descriptors for action recognition, action representations based on skeleton sequences have yielded excellent recognition results. Most methods used to construct these action representations are based on the information from all the joint positions in actions. Unfortunately, some joints in the actions do not improve the accuracy of action recognition, and may even cause unnecessary inter-class errors. In this study, the authors propose a new method for action recognition by selecting active joints which are closely related to the movement of the body as the first step. Further, a skeleton is characterized as a set of its active-joint positions, and the set can be mapped to a point on pre-shape space to filter out the scale and translation variability. Then, a skeleton sequence (an action) can be regarded as points on the space. Because the timing-sequence relationship between skeletons is very valuable for action recognition, a tensor-based linear dynamical system (tLDS) is employed to model the temporal information of the action. To avoid using a finite-order sequence to estimate the infinite-order feature descriptor of a tLDS, the descriptor is mapped to a point on an infinite Grassmannian composed of the extended observability subspaces. The action is classified using sparse coding and dictionary learning (SCDL) on the infinite Grassmannian. Experimental results demonstrate that the recognition accuracies of the proposed method outperform state-of-the-art ones on four different action datasets.

Online presence, visibility and reputation: a systematic literature review in management studies

Purpose The purpose of this 22-year paper is to synthetize business and management literature in the context of online presence, online visibility and online reputation concepts. In particular, this paper aims to generalize the analysis by investigating the level of interest of the Internet, digital and interactive marketing-focused literature, as well as the more general business and management one towards these topics. Design/methodology/approach To identify the existence or otherwise of an online presence, visibility and reputation definition, as well as an index for measuring them, a systematic review and a content analysis process were performed on 199 articles categorized over 1997-2018. Findings The findings highlight the absence of clear and shared online presence, visibility and reputation definitions; the absence of unanimously accepted indexes for measuring them; and the identification of a sequence relationship between the three investigated constructs. Research limitations/implications The paper underlines the need for both theoretical and empirical contributions to reduce the complexity characterizing the business and management literature focused on these topics. Originality/value The current study brings out interesting directions for future research studies by systematizing all the articles devoted to the online presence, visibility and reputation concepts from a business and management perspective.

Comparative genomics groups phages of Negativicutes and classical Firmicutes despite different Gram-staining properties

SummaryNegativicutes are Gram-Negative bacteria characterized by two cell membranes, but they are phylogenetically a side-branch of Gram-Positive Firmicutes that contain only a single membrane. We asked whether viruses (phages) infecting Negativicutes were horizontally acquired from Gram-Negative Proteobacteria, given the shared outer cell structure of their bacterial hosts, or if Negativicute phages co-evolved vertically with their hosts and thus resemble Gram-Positive Firmicute prophages. We predicted and characterised 485 prophages from Gram-Negative Firmicute genomes plus 2,977 prophages from other bacterial clades, and we used virome sequence data from 183 human stool samples to provide independent evidence for our predictions. The majority of the identified Negativicute prophages were lambdoids closer related to prophages from other Firmicutes than Proteobacteria by sequence relationship and genome organization (position of the lysis module). Only a single Mu-like candidate prophage and no clear P2-like prophages were identified in Negativicutes, both commonly found in Proteobacteria. Therefore, it is unlikely that Negativicute phages were acquired from Proteobacteria. Sequence-related prophages were identified in two distinct Negativicute orders (Veillonellales and Acidaminococcales) possibly suggesting horizontal cross-order phage infection between human gut commensals. Phages infecting these Negativicute orders occasionally harboured putative antibiotic resistance genes.

Wacana Pengampunan Pajak: Kajian Kohesi dan Koherensi

Entitled with “The Discourse of Tax Amnesty: The Study of Cohesion and Coherence” this research purpose is to know the instrument of cohesion and coherence which built the discourse of the tax amnesty. The teory used is the discourse teory which are cohesion mentioned by Halliday and R. Hasan (in Dewi, 2010:20) and coherence mentioned by Kridalaksana (in Mulyana, 2005:32). The method used in data collection is scrutinize method which completed by technique note. In data analysis process used agih method which method use the language as the determiner helped by lesap technique and replacement technique afterwards. Furthermore, informal and formal method used as the presentation process of analysis data result. In informal presentation use common words, while the formal presentation use sign and symbol. The data source which used as the analysis materials with total of 62 articles comes up from Kompas. Com issued at February and March 2017. There are some revelation obtained based on the analysis in discourse of the tax amnesty. Firstly, in the discourse of the tax amnesty dicovered that the instrument of cohesion out from grammatical (references, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction) as well as lexical (repetition, synonym, antonym, collocation, and equivalence). Secondly, the coherence elements in the discourse of the tax amnesty are the causality relationship, instrument goal relationship, conclusion background relationship, leniency results relationship, parafrastis relationship, amplicative relationship, time additive (simultaneous and in sequence) relationship, non-time additives relationship, identification relationship, and spesific generic relationship.

Paleogene sequence framework and depositional systems in the Sunda and Asri Basins, Indonesia

Based on seismic reflection characteristics, lithologic associations, and basin structure evolution stages, the Banuwati Formation, Zelda and Gita Members in the Oligocene could be divided into six third-order sequences. The new sequence framework has been established in the Sunda and Asri Basins. Sequence relationship between wells and seismic data has been implemented in the basin scale through the use of synthetical seismic records of 14 wells. Depositional systems, such as delta, fan-delta, nearshore subaqueous fan, and fluvial, are identified in the Banuwati Formation, Zelda and Gita Members. Alluvial fan, subaqueous fan, and fan delta occurred on the steep slopes of the basins. Deltas were mainly developed on the gentle slopes of the basins. There were three separated small basins with fluvial and shore-shallow lake deposition in the Banuwati Formation (SQ1). During the Lower Zelda (SQ2) sedimentation, the former separated small basins enlarged in a certain extent where delta and subaqueous fan were developed. Major lacustrine facies under deepwater environments and deltaic facies developed in the Upper-Lower Zelda and Middle-Upper Zelda (SQ3, SQ4). The sedimentary situation was almost the same as the Middle Zelda, but the water depth became shallower during Upper Zelda sedimentation. Later, fluvial and swamp developed in the upper part of the Upper Zelda and Gita Member (SQ5, SQ6). In general, basin sedimentary evolution is consistent with tectonic evolution. Finally, the favorable sandstone distribution in the Banuwati and Mid-Upper Zelda Member for further exploration was predicted according to the depositional systems, slope break, and present hydrocarbon occurrence. Three fields or eight favorable plays should be paid attention to for further exploration in the Sunda and Asri Basins, Indonesia.

Alteration of the microsaccadic velocity-amplitude main sequence relationship after visual transients: implications for models of saccade control

Microsaccades occur during gaze fixation to correct for miniscule foveal motor errors. The mechanisms governing such fine oculomotor control are still not fully understood. In this study, we explored microsaccade control by analyzing the impacts of transient visual stimuli on these movements’ kinematics. We found that such kinematics can be altered in systematic ways depending on the timing and spatial geometry of visual transients relative to the movement goals. In two male rhesus macaques, we presented peripheral or foveal visual transients during an otherwise stable period of fixation. Such transients resulted in well-known reductions in microsaccade frequency, and our goal was to investigate whether microsaccade kinematics would additionally be altered. We found that both microsaccade timing and amplitude were modulated by the visual transients, and in predictable manners by these transients’ timing and geometry. Interestingly, modulations in the peak velocity of the same movements were not proportional to the observed amplitude modulations, suggesting a violation of the well-known “main sequence” relationship between microsaccade amplitude and peak velocity. We hypothesize that visual stimulation during movement preparation affects not only the saccadic “Go” system driving eye movements but also a “Pause” system inhibiting them. If the Pause system happens to be already turned off despite the new visual input, movement kinematics can be altered by the readout of additional visually evoked spikes in the Go system coding for the flash location. Our results demonstrate precise control over individual microscopic saccades and provide testable hypotheses for mechanisms of saccade control in general. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Microsaccadic eye movements play an important role in several aspects of visual perception and cognition. However, the mechanisms for microsaccade control are still not fully understood. We found that microsaccade kinematics can be altered in a systematic manner by visual transients, revealing a previously unappreciated and exquisite level of control by the oculomotor system of even the smallest saccades. Our results suggest precise temporal interaction between visual, motor, and inhibitory signals in microsaccade control.

The novel class of seven transmembrane segment inverted repeat carriers

Solute carriers from the SLC4, SLC23, and SLC26 families are involved in pH regulation, vitamin C transport and ion homeostasis. While these families do not share any obvious sequence relationship, they are united by their unique and novel architecture. Each member of this structural class is organized into two structurally related halves of seven transmembrane segments each. These halves span the membrane with opposite orientations and form an intricately intertwined structure of two inverted repeats. This review highlights the general design principles of this fold and reveals the diversity between the different families. We discuss their domain architecture, structural framework and transport mode and detail an initial transport mechanism for this fold inferred from the recently solved structures of different members.