Effect of Enhydra fluctuans on Kidney Function in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of n-hexane fraction of Enhydra fluctuans aerial on kidney function in alloxan induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Five groups of diabetic Wistar rats were studied: Group 1 was given 0.5% Na-CMC (G0), group 2 was given glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg (G1), groups 3, 4, and 5 were given a dose of n-hexane fraction 57.03, 114.06, and 171.09 mg/kg respectively. The experiment was completed in 21 days. Blood glucose was estimated on day 0 and day 21 of treatment. Histology of kidney, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was examined. ANOVA was used to evaluate quantitative data, which was then followed by Duncan's new multiple range test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that n-hexane fraction dosages of 57.03 mg/kg and 114,06 mg/kg significantly improved blood glucose profile, BUN, and creatinine in diabetic rats. Moreover, the dosage of 57.03 mg/kg is effective to counteract necrosis and fibrosis of kidney cells. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that the administration of the n-hexane fraction of E. fluctuans aerial improved the kidney function of diabetic rats, especially at the dosage of 57.03 mg/kg. Therefore, E. fluctuans can be relied upon to be a drug to prevent the development of diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy.

The Effects of Gold Kiwifruit Intake Timing with or without Pericarp on Postprandial Blood Glucose Level

The purpose of this study was to examine how gold kiwifruit pericarp (pericarp is defined as the skin of the fruit) consumption and the timing thereof affect the postprandial blood glucose profile. The study was conducted on ten healthy volunteers (six men and four women). According to our results, the simultaneous intake of gold kiwifruit with bread and the prior intake of gold kiwifruit evidently suppressed the postprandial blood glucose elevation compared with exclusive bread intake. There was no significant difference in postprandial blood glucose changes between the ingestion of gold kiwifruit pericarp and pulp and that of gold kiwifruit pulp only. The highest postprandial blood glucose elevation was suppressed by 27.6% and the area under the blood glucose elevation curve by 29.3%, even with the exclusive ingestion of gold kiwifruit pulp. We predicted that the ingestion of both the pericarp and pulp of gold kiwifruit would reduce the postprandial blood glucose elevation to a greater extent than that of gold kiwifruit pulp only; however, there was no significant difference between the two. These results indicate that gold kiwifruit consumption significantly suppresses the postprandial blood glucose elevation regardless of pericarp presence or absence and the timing of ingestion.

Profil Glukosa Darah pada Wanita Usia 31 – 45 Tahun dan Kebiasaan Konsumsi Nasi Jagung di Dusun Dawung Desa Candirejo Kecamatan Pringapus Kabupaten Semarang

Nasi jagung contains water soluble fiber in the form of gum and pectin which affects of gastric emptying and metabolic effects. Nasi Jagung is one source of fiber that can control blood glucose levels. This research aims to knowing the relationship between nasi jagung consumption habits and blood glucose profile in women 31-45 years old at Dawung, Candirejo village Pringapus district Semarang Regency. This study was cross sectional. Population was women aged 31-45 years old at Dawung, Candirejo Village Pringapus Subdistrict Semarang Regency as many as 78 people. Determined by purposive sampling technique. The habit of corn rice consumption was measured by the Semi Quantitative FFQ interview. Blood glucose profiles were measured using a glucometer. Data analysis was using Kendall tau correlation test (α = 0.05). Most of the respondents (77,2%) eat nasi jagung in occasionally category, (19,3%) in constantly category, and (3,5%) never eat nasi jagung in previous month. Most of the respondent’s blood glucose profiles were normal (93,0%). (5,2%) prediabets and (1,8%) hypoglycemia. There was no correlation between the habits of nasi jagung consumption and blood glucose profile in women 31-45 years old at Dawung, Candirejo Village Pringapus District Semarang Regency (p = 0.847). There was no correlation between the habits of nasi jagung consumption and blood glucose profile in women 31-45 years old at Dawung, Candirejo Village Pringapus District Semarang Regency. Abstrak : Nasi Jagung memiliki kandungan serat larut air berupa gum dan pektin yang berpengaruh pada waktu pengosongan lambung dan efek metabolik. Sehingga nasi jagung menjadi salah satu sumber serat yang dapat mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan konsumsi nasi jagung dan profil glukosa darah pada wanita usia 31-45 tahun di Dusun Dawung Desa Candirejo Kecamatan Pringapus Kabupaten Semarang. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Populasi adalah seluruh wanita usia 31 – 45 tahun di Dusun Dawung Desa Candirejo Kecamatan Pringapus Kabupaten Semarang sebanyak 78 orang. Sampel penelitian ini ditentukan dengan teknik Purposive Sampling. Kebiasaan konsumsi nasi jagung diukur dengan wawancara FFQ Semi Quantitative. Profil glukosa darah diukur menggunakan alat glukometer. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi kendall tau (α = 0.05). Sebagian besar responden memiliki kebiasaan konsumsi nasi jagung kategori kadang-kadang yaitu sebesar (77,2%), sisanya kategori selalu/sering sebesar (19,3%), dan tidak pernah sebesar (3,5%). Profil glukosa darah responden sebagian besar kategori normal yaitu (93,0%). (5,2%) prediabetes dan (1,8%) hipoglikemia. Tidak ada hubungan kebiasaan konsumsi nasi jagung dan profil glukosa darah pada wanita usia 31-45 tahun di Dusun Dawung Desa Candirejo Kecamatan Pringapus Kabupaten Semarang (p=0.847). Tidak ada hubungan kebiasaan konsumsi nasi jagung dan profil glukosa darah pada wanita usia 31-45 tahun di Dusun Dawung Desa Candirejo Kecamatan Pringapus Kabupaten Semarang.

Results of the Estimation of Biosimilarity of RinLiz® (LLC «GEROPHARM», Russia) and Humalog® (Lilly France, France) Using the Method of the Hyperinsulinemic Eulygemic Clamp on Healthy Voluntary

Introduction. Insulin is the most effective hypoglycemic agent currently used in the clinical practice. Compared with recombinant human insulin, insulin lispro have a blood glucose profile that is much closer to physiological. The clinical trials program of insulin bioassays includes pharmacology studies: pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and a clinical safety study.Aim. To compare PK and PD of RinLiz® U100, solution for intravenous and subcutaneous administration (LLC «GEROFARM», Russia) and Humalog® U100, solution for intravenous and subcutaneous administration (Lilly France, France) in hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp.Materials and methods. This was randomized double-blind, two-arm crossover study in 28 healthy volunteers (NCT03604575). The studied preparations were injected before the clamp with a dose of 0.3 U/kg once subcutaneously in the area of subcutaneous fat in the anterior abdominal wall. During the study, regular blood sampling was performed; the amount of insulin lispro was determined by ELISA in the samples. The results of the determination were used to calculate the PK parameters and construct the curves «concentration – time». Based on the measurement of glycemia, the glucose infusion rate was adjusted. These data were used to calculate the PD parameters. The comparability of the studied drugs was considered proven if 90 % confidence intervals (CI) for the ratio of geometric mean PK parameters Cins. max and AUCins. 0-8 and 95 % CI for the ratio of geometric mean PD parameters GIRmax and AUCGIR0-8,5 were in the range of 80–125 %. Statistical data processing and presentation of the results was carried out using software packages R 3.4.2.Results and discussion. In the course of CI comparative PK and PD of RinLiz® and Humalog®, it was revealed that they have comparable PK and PD profiles. The CI for the logarithmically converted ratios of the values of the PK parameters was Cins. max 85.99–96.85 % and AUCins. 0-8 90.58–97.28 %, the PD of the parameters were 95.64–118.94 for GIRmax and 96.5–121.36 for AUCGIR0-8.5, all the CIs correspond to the set the boundaries of 80–125 % to establish comparability between RinLiz® and the original drug.Conclusion. The results demonstrated the high degree of similarity of RinLiz® U100 and Humalog® U100 in terms of PK, PD profiles and safety.

Daily improvement of blood glucose profile by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)

Background: The problem of glucose variability has been in focus for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on insulin treatment. Daily profile of blood glucose was studied on Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) using Free Style Libre. Case presentation and results: Patient is 54 year-old T1DM female, with HbA1c 7.8%. The blood glucose variability was measured by Free Style Libre. Insulin therapy included multiple daily insulin injection (MDI) of Insulin Glargin and Aspart. The result revealed unstable blood glucose profile in day 1 and 2. After that, the level and fluctuation of blood glucose gradually decreased from day 3 to 14. Average blood glucose in a day was 174mg/dL, 159mg/dL, 138mg/dL, 125mg/dL and 110mg/dL, in day 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, respectively. There was a discrepancy of HbA1c between 7.8% by laboratory measurement and 6.3% presumed value by Free Style Libre. Discussion and Conclusion: Free Style Libre showed satisfactory results as CGM. There was lower HbA1c value by presumed calculation, which would be possibly due to every 15minutes measurement and difficulty in checking abrupt glucose surges. CGM application would probably bring diabetic subjects behavioral change of life style, leading to better diabetic control. These results would become reference data in CGM study for future research.