Dampak Perkuliahan Geometri Pada Penalaran Deduktif Mahasiswa: Kasus Pembelajaran Teorema Ceva

Geometry is one of branches of mathematics that can develop deductive thinking ability for anyone, including students of prospective mathematics teachers, who learning it. This deductive thinking ability is needed by prospective mathematics teachers for their future careers as mathematics educators. This research therefore aims to investigate the influence of the learning process of a geometry course toward deductive reasoning ability of students of prospective mathematics teachers. To do so, this qualitative research was carried out through an observation of the learning process and assessment of the geometry course, involving 56 students of prospective mathematics teachers, in one of mathematics education program, in one of state universities in Bandung. A geometry topic observed in the learning process was the Ceva’s theorem, and the assessment was in the form of an individual written test on the application of the Ceva’s theorem in a proving process. The results showed that the learning process emphasizes on proving of theorems and mathematical statements. In addition, the test revealed that ten students are able to use the Ceva’s theorem in a proving process and different strategies of proving are found, including the use of properties of similarity between triangles and of the concept of trigonometry. This indicates a creativity of student deductive thinking in proving process. In conclusion, the geometry course that emphasizes on proving of theorems and mathematical statements has influenced on filexibility of student deductive thinking in proving processes.

Walking through the history of geometry teaching by Cevian and orthic triangles and quadrilaterals

The history of geometry teaching in Italy, in the period from the final years of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century, is analysed here, taking into account the influence of both school reforms and the “New geometry of the triangle”, first introduced in France in 1873. Specifically, we refer to some theorems, about Cevian and orthic triangles, which may be included in the “New geometry of the triangle”, although they have been discovered in Italy before 1873. Some Italian booklets and textbooks have been analysed, to show the influence of these factors on the geometric teaching. Keywords: geometry teaching, New geometry of the triangle, Ceva’s theorem, orthic triangles, Cevian quadrilaterals, Fagnano’s problem

PENGEMBANGAN TEOREMA CEVA PADA SEGILIMA

This paper discusses the development of the Ceva’s theorem on the pentagon in various cases including for the convex pentagon and the nonconvent pentagon. The Ceva’s theorem discusses the case of one-point concurrent in the pentagon. The proofing process is done in a simple way that is by using wide comparison. The results obtained from this paper are the existence of five lines from each vertex on the pentagon intersected at one point (concurrent) ie point P. Keywords: Ceva theorem, Ceva’s theorem on the pentagon, concurrent AbstrakTulisan ini membahas tentang pengembangan teorema Ceva pada segilima dalam berbagai kasus antara lain untuk segilima konveks dan segilima nonkonveks. Teorema Ceva segilima membahas kasus kekonkurenan satu titik yang berada pada segilima. Proses pembuktian dilakukan dengan cara sederhana yaitu dengan menggunakan perbandingan luas. Hasil yang diperoleh dari tulisan ini adalah eksistensi lima buah garis dari masing-masing titik sudut pada segilima berpotongan di satu titik (konkuren) yaitu titik P. Kata kunci: teorema Ceva, teorema Ceva pada segilima, konkurensi

Sourcebook in the Mathematics of Medieval Europe and North Africa

Medieval Europe was a meeting place for the Christian, Jewish, and Islamic civilizations, and the fertile intellectual exchange of these cultures can be seen in the mathematical developments of the time. This book presents original Latin, Hebrew, and Arabic sources of medieval mathematics, and shows their cross-cultural influences. Most of the Hebrew and Arabic sources appear here in translation for the first time. Readers will discover key mathematical revelations, foundational texts, and sophisticated writings by Latin, Hebrew, and Arabic-speaking mathematicians, including Abner of Burgos's elegant arguments proving results on the conchoid—a curve previously unknown in medieval Europe; Levi ben Gershon's use of mathematical induction in combinatorial proofs; Al-Muʾtaman Ibn Hūd's extensive survey of mathematics, which included proofs of Heron's Theorem and Ceva's Theorem; and Muhyī al-Dīn al-Maghribī's interesting proof of Euclid's parallel postulate. The book includes a general introduction, section introductions, footnotes, and references.

Altitude, Orthocenter of a Triangle and Triangulation

Summary We introduce the altitudes of a triangle (the cevians perpendicular to the opposite sides). Using the generalized Ceva’s Theorem, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the orthocenter of a triangle [7]. Finally, we formalize in Mizar [1] some formulas [2] to calculate distance using triangulation.

Circumcenter, Circumcircle and Centroid of a Triangle

Summary We introduce, using the Mizar system [1], some basic concepts of Euclidean geometry: the half length and the midpoint of a segment, the perpendicular bisector of a segment, the medians (the cevians that join the vertices of a triangle to the midpoints of the opposite sides) of a triangle. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the circumcenter of a triangle (the intersection of the three perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the triangle). The extended law of sines and the formula of the radius of the Morley’s trisector triangle are formalized [3]. Using the generalized Ceva’s Theorem, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the centroid (the common point of the medians [4]) of a triangle.

Discovering, Applying, and Extending Ceva's Theorem

Discover, prove, apply, and extend Ceva's theorem to unify an approach to classical points of concurrency.