Rapid nuclear deadenylation of mammalian messenger RNA

Poly(A) tails protect RNAs from degradation and their deadenylation rates determine RNA stability. Although poly(A) tails are generated in the nucleus, deadenylation of tails has mostly been investigated within the cytoplasm. Here, we combined long-read sequencing with metabolic labeling, splicing inhibition, and cell fractionation experiments to quantify, separately, the genesis and trimming of nuclear and cytoplasmic tails in vitro and in vivo. We present evidence for genome-wide, nuclear synthesis of tails longer than 200 nt, which are rapidly shortened within minutes after transcription. Our data show that rapid deadenylation is a nuclear process, and that different classes of transcripts and even transcript isoforms have distinct nuclear tail lengths. For example, many long-noncoding RNAs escape rapid nuclear deadenylation. Modelling deadenylation dynamics predicts nuclear deadenylation about 10 times faster than cytoplasmic deadenylation. In summary, our data suggest that nuclear deadenylation is a key mechanism for regulating mRNA stability, abundance, and subcellular localization.

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES THEORY, PRACTICE, EXPERIMENT

The paper attempts a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the energy device based on the principles of «cold» nuclear fusion. It should be noted that the understanding of «cold» nuclear synthesis may include hightemperature reactions occurring in locally small volumes (for example, cavitation). In this case, the working fluid remains relatively «cold». Some devices, such as, «vortex heat engine» is already used for heat production. However, there are discussions about the excess heat compared to the energy expended (electric, chemical, etc.). Do not confuse this type of device with heat pumps (household refrigerator). It uses the ideas and principles of technical thermodynamics of open systems (energy of the environment, the earth’s interior, the Sun, Space). Although this division is arbitrary. The interpretation of processes is given, physical phenomena, problems, prospects are considered.

Study of induced gravity and correlation theory analysis of nuclear Synthesis chemical elements

Modern aerodynamics is the dynamics of gas propulsion. It requires precise data, material resources, manpower, and time. It is urgent to find a more suitable power source. Based on the gravitational effects of dark energy and dark matter, the cyclic process of cosmic physics black holes to odd black holes and dark energy black holes, special fusion and fission phenomena are common in the universe, and theoretical studies such as Einstein's general theory of relativity are no exception. Through the study of the source of cosmic elements, the formation environment of stellar elements, the theory and method of modern physical artificial elements，as well as atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, and nuclear reactors to precipitate elemental products，we have designed a device which can synthesize physically stable elements and discover new chemical elements. A device capable of synthesizing physically stable elements and discovering new chemical elements is designed.

Study of induced gravity and correlation theory analysis of nuclear Synthesis chemical elements

Modern aerodynamics is the dynamics of gas propulsion. It requires precise data, material resources, manpower, and time. It is urgent to find a more suitable power source. Based on the gravitational effects of dark energy and dark matter, the cyclic process of cosmic physics black holes to odd black holes and dark energy black holes, special fusion and fission phenomena are common in the universe, and theoretical studies such as Einstein's general theory of relativity are no exception. Through the study of the source of cosmic elements, the formation environment of stellar elements, the theory and method of modern physical artificial elements，as well as atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, and nuclear reactors to precipitate elemental products ， we have designed a device which can synthesize physically stable elements and discover new chemical elements. A device capable of synthesizing physically stable elements and discovering new chemical elements is designed.

Renewable hydrocarbon deposits formed by the ether-geosoliton mechanism of growing Earth

The inorganic concept of the formation of oil and gas deposits, based on the thermonuclear synthesis of helium and carbon, greatly increases the prospects for oil and gas exploration and development. Nuclear synthesis of hydrogen, helium and carbon, the main chemical elements that form hydrocarbons, not only occurs in the core and mantle of the Earth, but also energetically provides geosoliton depth migration of gases to deposits within the Earth's crust.

An investigation of the appearance of a long range nuclear potential in ultra low energy nuclear synthesis

A new potential, the generalgeneralparticleparticletransfertransferpotentialpotential: so called “GPT” potential was represented in the previous paper which indicates a Yukawa-type potential for shorter range, but a 1/r^n1/rn-type potential for longer range where n=2n=2 includes the Efimov-like potential in the hadron system. In order to confirm the existence of a GPT potential, we investigate the possibility of Cs+2d\rightarrow→La reaction on the three-ion quasi-molecule CsD_22 which is covered by twelve Pd or a CsD_22Pd_{12}12-cluster, where the three-body bound states and wave functions for D-Cs-D molecular and d-Cs-d nuclear systems are calculated. We obtain an approximate E2-transition from the molecular states to the nuclear states. The transition ratio between the short range nuclear potential with the 1/r^21/r2-type long range potential and without long range potential is W_{i\rightarrow f}^{E2';L}/W_{i\rightarrow f}^{E2';S}\approx 10^8Wi→fE2′;L/Wi→fE2′;S≈108. If the reaction Cs+2D\rightarrow→La is experimentally observed, then the existence of the GPT potential could be confirmed.

Supernova, nuclear synthesis, fluid instabilities, and interfacial mixing

Supernovae and their remnants are a central problem in astrophysics due to their role in the stellar evolution and nuclear synthesis. A supernova’s explosion is driven by a blast wave causing the development of Rayleigh–Taylor and Richtmyer–Meshkov instabilities and leading to intensive interfacial mixing of materials of a progenitor star. Rayleigh–Taylor and Richtmyer–Meshkov mixing breaks spherical symmetry of a star and provides conditions for synthesis of heavy mass elements in addition to light mass elements synthesized in the star before its explosion. By focusing on hydrodynamic aspects of the problem, we apply group theory analysis to identify the properties of Rayleigh–Taylor and Richtmyer–Meshkov dynamics with variable acceleration, discover subdiffusive character of the blast wave-induced interfacial mixing, and reveal the mechanism of energy accumulation and transport at small scales in supernovae.